Once a captivating landmark along Interstate 84 in Eastern Oregon, the Boardman Tree Farm is quickly disappearing to make way for more conventional crops and cows.

GreenWood Resources, headquartered in Portland, sold the land earlier this year and already large swaths of poplars have been cut down and replaced with irrigation pivots. Approximately one-third of the 25,000-acre property is slated to become a dairy farm — permit pending — while the rest was purchased by AgriNorthwest, based in the Tri-Cities.

Will Evans, division controller for AgriNorthwest, said the plan is to convert all acreage into cropland as the remaining trees are harvested. Evans said the transition has gone better than expected since the company took over in February.

“It’s a beautiful piece of property,” he said. “This is a great place to farm.”

Terms of the deal, which included both the land and water rights from the Columbia River, were not disclosed. AgriNorthwest grows a variety of local staples, including potatoes, corn, wheat and carrots.

Don Rice, director of North American operations for GreenWood Resources, said it will likely be a few years before all the trees are gone. Part of the wait, he said, is to allow younger trees to finish growing before they are ready to be processed. Another part is based on what the markets will bear.

The Collins Companies informed Morrow County officials they will permanently shut down the Upper Columbia Mill by the end of October, with most of the facilities’ 67 employees laid off by Sept. 19. However, Rice said the Columbia Forest Products veneer mill is still open, and GreenWood will continue to sell wood chips to pulp and paper mills.

The Boardman Tree Farm has been around since 1990, and has become a popular attraction for visitors to the community. Residents will have one more chance to bid farewell to the tree farm during the final “Very Poplar Run,” a charity 5K, 10K and 15K race that benefits the Agape House in Hermiston.

Rice said they are planning to make this year’s event extra special.

“The idea is to do it up real nice for the last event,” he said.

More than 7,000 acres of the tree farm also sold to Lost Valley Ranch, formerly Willow Creek Dairy, which is proposing to bring in 30,000 cows on ground east of where Homestead Lane intersects with Poleline Road. The dairy, owned by Greg te Velde, is in the process of obtaining a confined animal feeding operation, or CAFO, permit with the state. If approved, it would become the second-largest dairy in Oregon behind only nearby Threemile Canyon Farms.

The permit regulates how Lost Valley Ranch would handle wastewater and manure generated on site to protect surface water and groundwater. A public hearing on the permit was held Thursday at the Port of Morrow in Boardman, with the majority of comments in favor of the proposal.

Wayne Downey, of Hermiston, managed the design of the facility, which he said uses the best management practices and latest technology. The design calls for open top lagoons capable of holding 260 acre-feet of liquid manure, which is then recycled and applied onto farmland for growing animal feed.

Lagoons are to be built with a synthetic liner and leak detection system to protect groundwater. The farm will conduct annual soil monitoring and quarterly sampling of monitoring wells, according to its application.

Marty Myers, general manager of Threemile Canyon Farms, also supported the proposal. For 15 years, Willow Creek Dairy has leased land from Threemile Canyon, and Myers described te Velde as a good tenant.

“Sustainable agriculture is really what we’re talking about here,” Myers said. “This whole operation is really a recycling venture, where the cows are the main benefit.”

Morrow County Planning Director Carla McLane presented comments on behalf of the county court, which were not necessarily in opposition of the project, but did pose some concerns. McLane said the dairy would be located within the Lower Umatilla Basin Groundwater Management Area as well as three different critical groundwater areas, which raises questions about water use and contamination.

“We’re not unfamiliar with (land application) here in Morrow County, but we have to find a way to balance that with historical impacts of high nitrogen levels in the groundwater,” McLane said.

Written public comments will be accepted through Thursday, Aug. 4 on the project. There is no timetable for a decision to issue the permit, which is done jointly by the Oregon Department of Agriculture and Department of Environmental Quality.

Evacuation notices for the area around Deadman Pass were lowered Sunday afternoon from Level 3 to Level 2 as crews continued to battle the Weigh Station Fire east of Pendleton.

A Level 2 evacuation means residents can return home, but should be ready to leave again at a moment’s notice if necessary. Jamie Knight, spokesperson with the Oregon Department of Forestry, said 20 structures have been threatened by the fire, but it’s not certain how many of those are primary residences.

Columns of smoke could still be seen rising over the blaze Sunday, which has scorched roughly 500 acres of grass and timber along Interstate 84 up Emigrant Hill. The total number of acres burned had been estimated as high as 800, but that figure changed based on more accurate mapping, Knight said.

The fire is 25 percent contained as of Sunday evening. Evacuation warnings for the nearby town of Meacham also have been lifted entirely.

“The winds didn’t come up like they did (Saturday),” Knight said. “That really helped a lot.”

The freeway, which had been closed for nearly 24 hours, also reopened Sunday after firefighters finished removing hazard trees from along the road.

The fire started Saturday at about 12:30 p.m., with residents and Emigrant Springs State Park evacuated later that evening. More than a dozen people wound up at the Oregon Trail Store & Deli in Meacham where they planned what to do next.

“We’re kind of at the center of town,” said store owner Dixie Earle. “We had people load up here and regroup, and figure out where they were going.”

Earle said the store’s phone lines were knocked out earlier in the day, and a nearly two-hour power failure in Union County may have also been attributed to the fire damaging power lines. Though the fire never came too close to Meacham, Earle said they could see plenty of smoke hovering in the distance.

A temporary shelter for residents was established up at Sunridge Middle School in Pendleton, though Rebecca Vaughn with the American Red Cross said nobody had arrived by Sunday morning. That likely means those families found assistance elsewhere, Vaughn said, though the shelter will remain available until evacuation orders are lifted.

“We’re ready to stand down when we get the word,” Vaughn said.

The Blue Mountain Type 3 Interagency Incident Management Team took command of the fire Sunday morning, and will continue to work strengthening fire lines in the coming days. There are approximately 285 firefighters on scene, with fire camp established on private property at Poverty Flats.

As many as nine single-engine air tankers, one heavy air tanker, two helicopters, one air attack and one lead plane have been called in to provide air support, along with three bulldozers and more than a dozen fire engines on the ground.

JORDAN VALLEY, Ore. — A TV ad aired on MSNBC in the Portland region during the Democratic National Convention is encouraging people to oppose a proposed national monument in Malheur County.

The ad is paid for by the Owyhee Basin Stewardship Coalition, which was formed by a group of ranchers and other Malheur County residents this year to oppose a proposed national monument on 2.5 million acres in an area of the county known as the Owyhee Canyonlands.

That would represent 40 percent of the county’s total land and opponents worry it would restrict grazing and other economic opportunities.

Rancher and coalition member Mark Mackenzie said the majority of East Oregon residents are aware of the proposal and oppose it and the coalition is trying to ensure people in the rest of the state know about it.

The OBSC has also had “No Monument” billboard signs along the Interstate 5 corridor for about six weeks, he said.

“We’re trying to broaden the coalition base to get people in Portland and the Willamette Valley to stand up and say ‘no,” he said.

“We’re trying to spread the message to folks who may not even know what’s going on in our part of the state,” said rancher and OBSC member Elias Eiguren.

The ad asks Oregonians to let Gov. Kate Brown and U.S. Sens. Ron Wyden and Jeff Merkley, all Democrats, know they are opposed to a monument designation without a vote of Congress.

The proposed monument designation is being pushed by the Oregon Natural Desert Association, an environmental group based in Bend, and Portland’s Keen Footwear.

Supporters say they’re not trying to eliminate grazing, but instead want to prevent mining, transmission lines and oil and gas development. They tout a poll they commissioned that showed 70 percent of Oregon residents supported permanent protections for the Owyhee Canyonlands, including 66 percent in Oregon’s 2nd Congressional District where the national monument would be located.

Opponents believe monument supporters will ask the Obama administration to use the Antiquities Act to create a national monument. They oppose a monument designation through executive order.

Monument opponents respondwith their own poll results, which show 73 percent of Oregonians believe that national monument designations should be approved by Congress rather than the president.

In a news release. OBSC Chairman Steve Russell, a rancher, said East Oregon families “are searching for a leader in the Democratic party who will stand up for rural Oregon. We face strong opposition from well-funded special interests and Portland-based corporations, and our community needs a champion.”

Mackenzie said the message of not designating a national monument without local input and a vote of Congress is one that resonates across party lines and the coalition believes it will enlist more support as that message reaches a larger audience.

“I don’t view this as a Democrat or Republican thing,” he said. “This is about the health of the land and not about any political party.”

Formed in March, the coalition has raised $370,000, most of it from Malheur County, Mackenzie said.

OBSC now includes more than 6,000 members, a dozen organizations and more than three dozen elected leaders from across Oregon, according to the news release.

“We formed this coalition to have a voice in the process,” Mackenzie said. “This has unified the county and the people here.”

ALBANY, Ore. — Crews hired by USDA are being extra careful this year as they collect data from hazelnut orchards across Oregon for the annual crop forecast.

Last year, the agency’s National Agricultural Statistics Service overestimated Oregon’s hazelnut production by more than 25 percent, catching farmers and packers off guard when the harvest came up short.

While NASS hasn’t pinpointed exactly what went wrong in 2015, the rapidly changing landscape of Oregon’s hazelnut industry combined with an early maturing crop likely contributed to the skewed results, said Dave Losh, the agency’s state statistician.

“It was an abnormal year for a lot of reasons,” Losh said, noting that the early spring caused nuts to develop more quickly last year.

Farmers are planting new acreage of cultivars resistant to eastern filbert blight while older orchards are gradually succumbing to the fungal disease, he said.

These new orchards are being planted in various densities while older trees have been heavily pruned to slow the disease’s progression, further complicating the scenario, he said.

Until the mid-2000s, the main change that NASS had to track was the hazelnut industry’s declining acreage, said Gene Pierce, an agricultural statistician with the agency.

With new growers and trees now coming online, it’s more challenging for NASS to determine the size of the “universe” it uses for statistical analysis, Pierce said.

For now, however, NASS is focused on ensuring its crews are accurately following the model for collecting data, rather than trying to change the model itself, said Chris Mertz, the agency’s regional director for the Northwest.

“Before we make any huge tweaks, we want to make sure we’re covering all of our bases,” he said.

The annual forecast is conducted by NASS but the Oregon Hazelnut Marketing Board covers the $93,000 cost.

Although NASS forecast that Oregon would produce 39,000 tons of hazelnuts last year — 8,000 tons more than were actually harvested — many farmers considered the estimate conservative at the time, said Larry George, president of the George Packing Co.

A survey of farmers conducted by George Packing last year pegged their average forecast at 41,000 tons, with one estimate of 35,000 tons considered a far outlier, he said.

“The trees looked loaded last year. It looked like a good crop,” George said.

Trees may have appeared to be brimming with hazenuts, but many had literally shrunk in size as eastern filbert blight killed their upper branches, he said.

The impact of blight is difficult to account for, since the roughly hazelnut 700 farmers in Oregon have 700 unique methods of fighting the disease, George said.

“How do you poll something that has no consistency?” he said.

Growers are reluctant to remove blight-infested orchards due to high prices in recent years, but the old orchards are nonetheless quickly losing productivity, said Mike McDaniel, proprietor of Pacific Agricultural Survey, a geographical data firm that’s assisting NASS.

“The new wave coming online is not quite compensating for the loss of mature production,” McDaniel said.

Confidence about the size of the hazelnut crop is necessary for hazelnut packers who need to know how much product they’ll be able to offer buyers, said Jeff Fox, CEO of the Hazelnut Growers of Oregon cooperative.

“It’s absolutely essential for the marketing of this crop,” he said.

Uncertainty can lead to disruption, as occurred last year when the hazelnut industry realized it had a short crop, Fox said.

Packers weren’t able to send as many in-shell hazelnuts to China — a major consumer — as expected because they didn’t want to disappoint their kernel customers, he said.

“We had to pump the brakes pretty hard once we figured out the crop wasn’t there,” he said.

PORTLAND, Ore. (AP) — An Organic farm is seeking $210,000 from a neighboring dairy after cows escaped and defecated on the farm’s crops.

The Oregonian/OregonLive reports that a lawsuit filed by Simington Gardens claims they had to throw out contaminated winter squash and leafy greens and to shut down the field for four months because of the cows from Rock Ridge Farms. Both farms are in Aurora, south of Portland.

According to court documents, cows from Rock Ridge escaped their gated enclosure in April 2014. After several hours they were wrangled back to the dairy, but Simington Gardens says the damage was already done.

Oregon Tilth organic policies prohibit the use of raw manure on plants intended for eating.

Officials with Rock Ridge Farm declined to comment but said they work to be good neighbors.

Discovering the Portland presence of a wasp that kills the eggs of the dreaded brown marmorated stinkbug might be cause for more head scratching than fist bumps, but researchers will take good breaks where they find them.

The Oregon Department of Agriculture announced that one of its entomologists discovered a cluster of stinkbug eggs in Portland that had been obliterated by a tiny, parasitic wasp called Trissolcus japonicus. The finding may speed up control of brown marmorated stinkbug.

Like the stinkbug, referred to as BMSB, the wasp isn’t native to Oregon. The female wasp lays its eggs inside the eggs of stinkbugs. The developing wasp larvae essentially eat their way out as they grow, destroying the host.

That trait caught they eye of researchers at ODA, Oregon State University and elsewhere, because BMSB will eat nearly anything and are considered a major threat to fruit, berry, vegetable and nut crops. Its discovery in southeast Portland’s venerable Ladd’s Addition neighborhood in 2004 touched off a program, funded by the USDA’s Agricultural Research Services, to find a method of biocontrol, as bug-on-bug predation is called.

The state ag department leases space at OSU, which cooperates in the research, to raise the wasps in quarantine and sic them on BMSB in the laboratory.

One of the key questions is whether the wasps might harm beneficial native bugs as well. Entomologists have been working on it since 2011; the idea is to gather enough data to petition USDA’s Animal Plant Health Inspection Service for permission to release the predator wasps. Researchers in New York, Delaware, Florida, Michigan and California are doing similar work.

In 2014, things began to go sideways. The wasp was found in a mid-Atlantic state, and researchers immediately suspected wasps had escaped from quarantine. But DNA analysis showed it wasn’t from any of the colonies that researchers around the country keep in quarantine.

Last summer, the same thing happened in Vancouver, Wash. A wasp was recovered by Washington State University, but it also wasn’t from any of the quarantined populations. What’s more, it wasn’t from the same group as the wasp caught in the mid-Atlantic state.

This summer, entomologist Chris Hedstrom of ODA was checking a private property site near Oregon Health & Science University in Portland when he came across a cluster of BMSB eggs by accident.

The eggs had been wiped out, and it was clear wasp larvae were to blame. Wasps roughly chew their way out, while stinkbugs emerge through a neat hole, Hedstrom said.

“Oh, we have something here,” Hedstrom described his reaction.

Recognizing the potential importance of the find, Hedstrom returned within 15 hours and set what are called “sentinel” traps baited with BMSB eggs collected in ODA’s laboratory in Salem.

Two days later, he found wasps had struck again. He collected the eggs and adult “guardian” wasps that hang to protect the cluster from other parasitoids after they’ve deposited their young into the BMSB eggs. A single female can parasitize an entire egg cluster, Hedstrom said.

In July, the wasp larvae emerged in captivity and have since been identified as Trissolcus japonicus.

Additional study by the Smithsonian’s Systematic Entomology Lab will determine the lineage of the Portland wasps. Hedstrom believes they are part of the Vancouver group, given the relative proximity.

He said the wasps probably arrived in the Pacific Northwest the same way BMSB did — by hitching a ride into the Port of Portland or Port of Vancouver.

Hedstrom said the findings may speed up the process of gaining APHIS approval to release wasps as a biocontrol agent.

Hedstroms said the development is encouraging after years of telling growers it will take more time before biocontrols gain approval.

“We still have to error on the side of caution,” he said.

BOARDMAN, Ore. — Morrow County could soon be home to another giant dairy farm with tens of thousands of milking cows near Boardman.

Willow Creek Dairy, run by Greg te Velde of California, was established in 2002 on land leased from nearby Threemile Canyon Farms. Now, te Velde is looking to relocate and expand his operation onto 7,288 acres purchased last year from the former Boardman Tree Farm.

If permitted, the dairy — renamed Lost Valley Ranch — would house 30,000 cows, making it the second-largest in the state behind only Threemile Canyon. But before that can happen, the Oregon Department of Agriculture and Department of Environmental Quality must sign off on an application to register the farm as a confined animal feeding operation, or CAFO.

The application includes an animal waste management plan and water pollution permit that details how Lost Valley will handle the 187 million gallons of manure it will generate annually.

“It regulates all of the manure and process wastewater,” said Wyn Matthews, who manages the CAFO program for ODA. “The permit is protective of both surface water and groundwater.”

A public hearing is scheduled for 4 p.m. Thursday at the Port of Morrow Riverfront Center to ask questions and submit comments. Written comments will also be accepted through 5 p.m. Thursday, Aug. 4.

Don Butcher, wastewater permitting manager for DEQ in Pendleton, said there has been some concern about Lost Valley’s location within the Lower Umatilla Basin Groundwater Management Area, which was designated by the agency in 1990 due to high levels of nitrates that exceeded federal safe drinking water standards.

Animal waste has the potential to load even more nitrates in groundwater, if it isn’t dealt with properly. However, Butcher said the dairy’s plan might just prove to be a template for permitting future facilities.

“We were pretty satisfied with how the permit finally came out for public comment,” Butcher said.

Details in the application were ironed out over a period of months, according to te Velde. They include designs for a wastewater lagoon, land application and extensive groundwater and soil monitoring. Overall, te Velde said he is relatively confident they have everything covered.

“We’re abiding by the CAFO rules provided by the state,” he said.

Lost Valley Ranch would be about a mile and a half east of where Homestead Lane meets Poleline Road. About 5,900 acres of the property would be used to grow feed for the cows, such as corn silage, alfalfa and triticale.

Currently, the dairy produces roughly 70,000 gallons of milk every day for Tillamook Cheese, which operates a plant just down Interstate 84 at the Port of Morrow. The location is great, te Velde said, and will keep Lost Valley sustainable in the long run.

“We like it here. It’s a great area to farm,” he said.

Others, including Morrow County, have their concerns. Planning Director Carla McLane said that while she did sign the project’s land use compatibility, she did so with trepidation. That is based in part on the location within the Groundwater Management Area.

“The fact that there are already two dairies and a beef CAFO within a three- or four-mile radius, with some significantly closer, only increases the concerns about the development of another much larger dairy,” McLane wrote in comments submitted to ODA.

The dairy would also span three other critical groundwater areas, McLane wrote, which in some cases have completely restricted the use of groundwater for agriculture. McLane requested the hearing Thursday so their issues can be fully discussed.

The Riverfront Center is located at 2 Marine Drive in Boardman. Written comments can be submitted to Matthews at the ODA’s CAFO program, 635 Capitol Street NE, Salem, OR 97301, or emailed to wmatthews@oda.state.or.us.

A pig breeder is challenging the Oregon Department of Agriculture’s order to build a confinement facility for his hogs, arguing it would hurt their health.

Luther Clevenger and his wife, Julie, raise Gloucestershire Old Spots pigs and other livestock on their 15-acre property near Aumsville, Ore., which has experienced water drainage problems during heavy winter rains.

ODA inspected the operation repeatedly this year after receiving several complaints that Clevenger’s 200 pigs were “creating a huge mess and affecting the property values of all the adjacent property owners” and that water was flowing onto neighbors’ lots.

The agency ultimately concluded that Clevenger’s farm was violating water quality standards and ordered a multi-pronged “plan of correction,” requiring him to construct a “swine confinement facility” to prevent pollutant discharges to the “surface water of Oregon,” according to ODA.

Currently, the pigs are raised on pasture but have access to portable shelters.

The plan also requires Clevenger to store manure and wastewater from the facility so that none is discharged into waterways, apply manure to the soil at agronomic rates and maintain grassed filter strips, among other measures.

Clevenger recently filed a petition in Marion County Circuit Court asking for the “plan of correction” to be overturned, arguing he hasn’t polluted state waters.

Water had collected on a neighbor’s property during winter, but that’s because the previous property owner filled a natural drain to expand his lawn. Clevenger said.

While he’s not opposed to reducing his number of pigs or working with the Marion County Soil & Water Conservation District to improve drainage issues, Clevenger said the confinement facility isn’t feasible for his rare hogs.

“This breed can’t be confined. They don’t work in confinement,” he said.

When Clevenger has confined the pigs in the past, even for relatively short periods of time, they’ve lost weight and some have even died, he said.

“If you have them out on pasture, they do fine,” he said.

People who buy from Clevenger generally raise the hogs organically or without antibiotics, and sell the meat through a “Community Supported Agriculture” model or other specialty markets, and they “prize pastured pigs,” according to his petition.

Clevenger has invested substantial amount of money in acquiring Gloucestershire Old Spots pigs from “all available genetic lines,” which has involved flying them from other locations and importing frozen semen from Ireland, the petition said.

Bruce Pokarney, communications director for ODA, said the agency can’t discuss the litigation but could “talk about all the details once the issue is settled.”

ALBANY, Ore. — SnoTemp Cold Storage opened a new warehouse in July, marking the company’s eighth expansion since it began business in Albany in 1974.

The company, founded in Eugene, Ore., in 1957 and with its headquarters still there, now has a total of 725,000 square feet of food storage space between its two facilities.

SnoTemp freezes and stores bulk vegetables and ingredients for repackers such as NORPAC Foods Inc., the farmers’ cooperative, and for other customers ranging from craft breweries to ice cream and dessert makers. The company has the capability to store food at temperatures ranging from minus-20 degrees to 70 degrees.

The new warehouse includes 8,500 square feet of processing space that gives customers room for value-added work such as repacking, wet packing and fresh fruit handling. In a news release, company CEO Jason Lafferty said that including processing space with the warehouse gives SnoTemp “distinct logistical and economic efficiencies that are critical to sustaining success in today’s market.” The company expanded its Albany plant by 100,000 square feet just six years ago, and has doubled the combined employment at its Albany and Eugene facilities during that time.

The expansion illustrates the economic vitality of Oregon’s food processing sector, which grew even during the depth of the recession. A labor trends report issued by the state Employment Department in 2014 showed that Oregon’s manufacturing sector lost nearly 16 percent of its jobs from 2007 to 2012. But food manufacturing jobs increased nearly 8 percent during that same period.

SnoTemp is a third-generation family business.

On-line: www.SnoTemp.com

Burnt River School’s invitation to Portland students paid off, and the rural Eastern Oregon school will host up to eight urban kids when classes begin next fall, and eight more in the spring,

“It’s happening,” Superintendent Lorrie Andrews said. The district is arranging places for the students to stay while in school.

The school, which had a total of 34 students in 2015-16, offers the Burnt River Integrated Agriculture/Science Research Ranch program, or BRIARR, a dip into the ag and natural resource issues common to the area. The K-12 public charter school is in Unity, Ore., about 50 miles east of John Day.

Students will learn about animal production science, sustainable rangeland science and forest restoration studies, and do water quality monitoring with the Powder Basin Watershed Council.

The invitation to Portland students was intended to help bridge the urban-rural divide, but it could help the district financially, as well. The state provides districts about $7,100 per student, and that funding follows the student during their time in the rural district.

Portland Public Schools sent an email to its high school families last spring, telling them of the opportunity, and Andrews received about two dozen email queries within a couple days.

After clearing interviews and securing placement with host families, eight girls will attend the school fall semester, and eight boys will attend in spring.

WILSONVILLE, Ore. — Clackamas County’s bid to review the status of three land parcels now set aside for agriculture is a concern to farm groups, and the cities that would have to service new development aren’t hot for the idea either.

Charlotte Lehan, a former county commissioner, former Wilsonville mayor and now member of the city council, said it would be “very difficult and very expensive” for the city to provide water and sewer to new development south of the Willamette River.

She said development in the area Clackamas County seeks to review would increase congestion on the Boone Bridge, which carries north-south Interstate 5 traffic across the river. She said a clogged bridge would be “disastrous” for the city.

“I-5 is Wilsonville’s lifeline,” she said. “When the Boone Bridge isn’t working, nothing works. We have to protect the functionality of Interstate 5.”

The arguments back and forth are part of a long-running disconnect over Oregon’s unusual statewide land-use planning system, which was designed to protect farm and forest land from urban sprawl. Under the system, cities are held in check by urban growth boundaries that can be amended in a controlled manner. But development pressure at the edges of cities remains a continuing issue all over the state.

In the Portland area, land-use planning for Clackamas, Multnomah and Washington counties is done by Metro, which has an elected board. Seeking to end ceaseless arguments, the counties and Metro agreed to a system of urban and rural reserves that was intended to set growth patterns for 50 years.

Clackamas County’s Board of Commissioners now wants to know whether three areas south and southeast of the Portland urban center, previously set aside as rural reserves and thus open to farming, would be more beneficial as “employment lands.”

The county commissioners cite a study by a consulting firm, Johnson Economics and Mackenzie, that said the county is short between 329 and 934 acres of industrial land and up to 246 acres of commercial land, an overall shortage of up to 1,180 acres over the next 20 years.

A majority of the commissioners want to review the status of 800 acres south of the city of Wilsonville; 400 acres adjacent to the urban growth boundary of the city of Canby; and 425 acres south of the Clackamas River along Springwater Road, outside Estacada. County officials believe the land should revert to “undesignated” rather than rural reserves.

County officials have dismissed concerns as overwrought. They point out that any land-use change would take years to accomplish and would be subject to legal review or appeal.

Nonetheless, the proposal has reopened a can of worms. Friends of French Prairie, a farming advocacy group, maintains that allowing development to jump across the Willamette River south of Wilsonville would crack open the state’s prime agricultural areas.

In a guest editorial written for the Capital Press, Friends of French Prairie President Ben Williams questioned the validity of the county’s employment lands report and some of the land is owned by people who have contributed heavily to commissioners’ election campaigns.

Board members of the Clackamas Soil and Water Conservation District took the unusual step of publicly warning against a land-use change. “The District believes the County’s current initiative to create employment lands may not adequately consider the long-term value of high-value farmland,” the district said in a letter to Clackamas commissioners. “A significant amount of the land proposed for reconsideration as employment land is high-value farmland, an irreplaceable natural resource.”

Lehan, the Wilsonville council member critical of the land-use review, said her fast-growing city has planned for additional industrial growth in its Coffee Creek and Salt Creek areas, and for residential development in an area called Frog Pond. The city doesn’t need more “employment land,” she said.

“I know how development works and what it takes for a city to support it,” Lehan said. “I’m not anti-growth by any means.”

Lehan was Clackamas County board chair until defeated in 2012 by the current board chair, Commissioner John Ludlow, who is often critical of Metro and of Portland’s influence on its suburban neighbors.

Canby City Administrator Rick Robinson made a point similar to Lehan’s: the city has an existing industrial park that isn’t full. The 400 acres Clackamas County wants to revert to undesignated status is outside the city limits and outside the city’s urban growth boundary, he said. Some of it is farmed now, and much of it is Class 1 agricultural soil, he said. Robinson said the Canby City Council hasn’t taken a position on the Clackamas review proposal.

The third area considered by Clackamas County is outside the city of Estacada. The mayor and city manager were unavailable to discuss the issue.

PORTLAND, Ore. (AP) — A federal judge has selected Valentine’s Day as the trial date for eight of the 26 defendants indicted in the armed occupation of a national wildlife refuge in Oregon.

In a written order Tuesday, U.S. District Judge Anna Brown said the date is firm and no delays will be granted without an extraordinary showing of good cause.

Occupation leader Ammon Bundy and eight others are scheduled to go to trial in September.

The defendants granted a delay until February 2017 include Dylan Anderson, Sandra Anderson, Sean Anderson, Duane Ehmer, Jason Patrick, Jon Ritzheimer, Jake Ryan and Darryl Thorn.

The remaining nine defendants have pleaded guilty and are waiting to be sentenced.

The occupation began Jan. 2 after a rally against prison sentences handed to two Oregon ranchers. It lasted nearly six weeks.

SALEM, Ore. (AP) — Officials are considering a proposal for what would be the state’s second largest dairy in Eastern Oregon.

The Statesman Journal reports the proposed Willow Creek Dairy would house 30,000 animals. Wym Matthews with the state Department of Agriculture says the dairy would be near Threemile Canyon Farms, which is the state’s largest dairy with 70,000 animals.

The department is accepting public comment on Willow Creek’s plans to manage the nearly 200 million gallons of manure it will produce each year.

Greg te Velde has operated the dairy with 8,000 animals for more than a decade on land leased from Threemile Canyon.

Morrow County officials are holding a public hearing Thursday to discuss water concerns with the project, which is located in the Lower Umatilla Basin Groundwater Management Area.

ENTERPRISE, Ore. — A noxious weed never before seen in Oregon has been discovered in the northeastern corner of the state.

It is a carduus crispis, or welted thistle, which is also sometimes called a curley plumeless thistle.

“It’s never been seen in Oregon before. The nearest it’s ever been reported is North Dakota and British Columbia,” Wallowa County Vegetation Department Manager Ryan Oberhelman said. “That’s an A-List, worst of the worst, thistle.”

Rancher Todd Nash first found the weed and reported it to Oberhelman.

Genetic testing at Oregon State University confirmed its identity. Then Mark Porter, Oregon Department of Agriculture invasive weed management coordinator, and Oberhelman began searching for more of the thistle. They sprayed the edges of Mark Vanderzanden’s alfalfa field where it was discovered, arranged with him to destroy any baled hay up to 15 feet into the field, and walked the irrigation ditch south of Enterprise.

“It’s all along Lower Alder Slope Ditch,” Oberhelman said.

All sites have been sprayed, but Porter and Oberhelman reckon the weed has been in Wallowa County for about four years — and that means it may have gone out in bales of hay to other locations.

The weed warriors, with the assistance of Vanderzanden and other farmers, are tracking down any folks who bought hay from the immediate area to make sure no weed seed traveled elsewhere.

Fortunately, Vanderzanden has excellent records and the weed only appeared at the edge of his field, Oberhelman said.

He said they have no idea how it got here. It most likely started in the ditch, as ditches are common vectors for weed seed.

“Who is bringing in ditch equipment from North Dakota?” Oberhelman mused. “We will probably never know for sure how it got here. But we’ll get in touch with every single person on this ditch system and warn them to watch out for it. We’ll be monitoring this weed for a long, long time.”

The weed is not poisonous to livestock, but grazing is not a reliable control. If it is grazed early in the spring, it will have time to re-flower and spread its seed farther.

“We need to get on top of this thistle because we can,” said Oberhelman. “It hasn’t had time to spread widely and get out of control.”

CONDON, Ore. — Firefighters expect to fully contain the Scott Canyon Fire in rural Gilliam County by Monday evening, according to a spokeswoman with the Central Oregon Interagency Dispatch Center.

The blaze, which started Thursday on private land near the John Day River, has burned 33,587 acres between Condon and Arlington. A Type 3 incident management team responded Saturday from the Deschutes and Ochoco national forests, as well as the Bureau of Land Management’s Prineville District, to assist local firefighters.

The fire was human-caused, though investigators are still working to determine exactly how it started. High winds fanned the flames up and down several canyons in the area, making for tricky firefighting conditions. Crews on the ground were supported by six single-engine air tankers and three helicopters, which dumped water and retardant around the fire perimeter over the weekend.

The fire did destroy one old homestead, which was unoccupied. No other structures were damaged. Lisa Clark, fire information officer with the Central Oregon Interagency Dispatch Center, commended the initial response for keeping local farms and ranches safe.

Another fire in central Oregon also erupted Sunday about 13 miles east of Warm Springs. That blaze is now roughly 4,800 acres, but wasn’t immediately threatening homes.

ONTARIO, Ore. — Oregon House Speaker Tina Kotek says she supports efforts to help Malheur County’s economy, including improving the transportation infrastructure to reduce the cost of shipping agricultural products.

The Portland Democrat visited the Eastern Oregon county last month at the invitation of Rep. Cliff Bentz, R-Ontario, and agricultural industry leaders concerned about the impact the state’s new minimum wage law will have on farmers and others here.

A three-tiered plan passed this year will hike the minimum wage in rural areas to $12.50 an hour over six years. Malheur County’s farming industry competes with Idaho, which borders Oregon and has a $7.25 minimum wage.

Oregon’s rural minimum wage increased 25 cents on July 1 to $9.50 an hour. It will reach $12.50 on July 1, 2022, and then increase annually, based on the consumer price index for all urban consumers. It will be pegged $2.25 below the Portland Metro minimum wage.

In an email statement, Kotek told Capital Press she now has “a deeper understanding of the economic challenges of sharing a border with a fast-growing part of Idaho. It’s clear that a variety of factors impact the ag industry in both states, including but by no means limited to, the minimum wage.”

Kotek said she supports ideas floated by Bentz that could help improve Malheur County’s economy.

That includes creating a special economic zone and bringing a freight transportation hub to the area, which she said “would cut the time and cost for growers who are exporting onions and other agricultural products.”

Special tax credits for the area and creating a “Micro Irrigation Center” at the Oregon State University are other ideas the speaker supports, Bentz said.

The backbone of the effort to help the county’s economy is to improve transportation infrastructure and reduce freight costs, Bentz said. “We have to have a lower-cost way of getting (our) products to the market.”

Bentz and local ag leaders were hoping to convince Kotek and other legislators to reduce Malheur County’s minimum wage below the $12.50 rate in the plan passed this year.

That appears unlikely, Bentz said.

Kotek said she is “committed to upholding Oregon’s new minimum wage law ... while also respecting regional economic needs and giving local businesses time to plan.”

News that Malheur County’s minimum wage likely won’t be reduced below $12.50 an hour came as bad news to the ag industry.

“That’s a blow,” said Nyssa farmer Paul Skeen. “They can’t see that we have a problem?”

Owyhee Produce General Manager Shay Myers said he’s glad legislators are working on a larger effort to improve the county’s economy.

But onion packers and the local ag industry will still face fierce pressure from competitors on the Idaho side, who will have much lower labor costs, he said.

He said reducing freight costs would benefit businesses on both sides of the border and the disparity in the two areas’ minimum wages will likely cause some Oregon businesses to move to Idaho, automate or both.

His company has already looked at land acquisition options in Idaho.

“It’s not going to change the competitive environment that we as packers of onions are operating in,” Myers said of the economic improvement efforts. “That doesn’t help me in any way compete with my competitors in the state of Idaho.”

Stripe rust pressure this year is “severe to extremely severe” in Pacific Northwest wheat, but most farmers have been able to control it by growing resistant varieties or by applying fungicides.

USDA Agricultural Research Service plant geneticist Xianming Chen blames the mild winter, which allowed the rust to survive and develop in winter wheat.

“Stripe rust developed very early and very quick,” Chen said.

The fungus can cause more than a 60 percent yield loss in highly susceptible wheat varieties.

Applying fungicide has paid off for growers. Rust is generally under control in most commercial fields, Chen said.

“That is big spending for growers, but this year, it was worth it to do that,” he said.

The fungus is occurring almost everywhere in the Pacific Northwest, even in dryland areas.

He hopes to see more farmers plant resistant varieties in the future. That would eliminate the need to spray fungicide, even in severe rust years.

Most wheat fields are now past the point where a fungicide application would help. Rust typically dies by harvest, Chen said, as it cannot live long in dead leaf tissue.

Chen said later-planted spring wheat in higher elevations may still have active rust due to recent rain.

Some of the major fungicides cannot be used after the flowering stage, while others can be used up to 30 days before harvest. Growers should be sure to read the fungicide labels, Chen said.

Temperatures are not quite optimum for the wheat’s high temperature, adult plant resistance to stripe rust to kick in.

It’s too early to tell the outlook for next season, he said.

“It depends on what the weather conditions are from now to the fall,” Chen said. “If the coming winter is cold, then the rust will die more. If the coming winter is very mild like last winter, this rust will survive more.”

Chen said roughly 36 percent of winter wheat varieties are resistant to stripe rust and 16 percent are moderately resistant. Eight percent are moderately resistant to moderately susceptible and 24 percent are moderately susceptible. None are highly susceptible.

For spring wheat, roughly 12 percent of the varieties are resistant, 40 percent are moderately resistant, 11 percent are moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, 11 percent are moderately susceptible and 11 percent are susceptible.

ONTARIO, Ore. — The Obama administration is well aware of the strong local opposition to a proposed national monument in Malheur County, U.S. Sen. Ron Wyden told Eastern Oregon residents on July 21.

Malheur County residents who asked Wyden during an annual town hall meeting whether he supports the proposed national monument said they didn’t receive a definite answer.

But Wyden did say several times that the president is well aware of the local opposition to a proposed national monument on 2.5 million acres in a part of the county known as the Owyhee Canyonlands.

“I have told the Obama administration repeatedly ... that there is very vigorous opposition at the local level to the monument,” the Oregon Democrat said. “They would have had no confusion about what I’m telling them.”

Supporters want Obama to use the Antiquities Act to declare a national monument in Malheur County.

Ranchers and others who asked Wyden whether he supports the national monument proposal being pushed by the Oregon Natural Desert Association told Capital Press later they didn’t receive a clear answer.

Malheur County Farm Bureau President Jeana Hall asked Wyden for a commitment to “stand up for the people of Oregon, not just here in Malheur, and say that there should not be a monument designation.”

Julie Mackenzie, a Jordan Valley rancher, asked Wyden, “Are you for the monument?”

Wyden said it’s his duty to respect how Oregon residents vote on issues. Malheur County residents voted 9-1 against the monument in a special election in March. He also said that while Malheur County residents have voted on the issue, the rest of Oregon has not.

“I didn’t hear an answer,” Hall told Capital Press later. “I think I heard a ‘maybe’ somewhere in there.”

Mackenzie said she asked the senator “a yes or no question and he didn’t answer it. It was just kind of a going around in circles type of thing.”

Wyden Press Secretary Hank Stern said he would let the senator’s words during the meeting speak for themselves but added, “I thought he expressed himself pretty clearly.”

The U.S. House of Representatives passed an Interior Department funding bill July 14 that includes a provision preventing funds from being used to create a national monument in Malheur County.

Jordan Valley rancher Elias Eiguren asked Wyden whether he would support a similar proposal in the Senate.

Eiguren said he and other ranchers came to the meeting hoping to get Wyden to commit to opposing a monument designation and supporting a proposal in the Senate similar to the one passed by the House.

Eiguren told Capital Press that didn’t happen.

“We would really hope Sen. Wyden will do what is good for the land and help us stop this monument,” he said.

LEBANON, Ore. — Coy Cowart and three friends joked about how many hamburgers his giant steer Buford would make.

They decided the steer would produce 3,600 quarter-pounder hamburgers.

Buford is not your average steer. Weighing in at 2,175 pounds, he brought 83 cents per pound at Cowart’s Lebanon Auction Yard on July 21. When Cowart stood next to Buford in the auction ring, the steer towered over him.

Buford was nearly twice as heavy as the average steer, which typically weighs approximately 1,200 pounds.

Cowart called Buford his pet steer, having raised him for four years.

“He was always the most gentle guy,” Cowart said. “When I would call him in he would lead all of the other cattle in with him.

Cowart said he would have liked to keep Buford longer to see how much bigger he would get but that he became too big to manage with the other cattle.

Cowart is co-owner of Lebanon Auction Yard with his wife, Helen, son Terry and daughter-in-law Lezlie. He started the auction yard in 1987 after he retired from a career in construction.

“I never thought I would own a business before I retired,” Cowart said. “At 54 years old I spent a lifetime making money for other people and thought, Why not do it for myself?”

When Cowart started the auction yard there were 18 other auction yards in Oregon — now there are eight. Three are left in the Willamette Valley.

Diversification has been a big contributor to Cowart’s success. He said he realized early on that auctioning dairy cows wouldn’t be enough to sustain his family so he began investing in other areas.

The auction yard now sells farm equipment and animals and provides trucking services, contracts cattle and transports hay and feed.

Cowart expanded the auction yard last year with the addition of a 100-by-240-foot barn and expects to put in another, bigger barn later this year.

Cowart said family is a huge part of Lebanon Auction Yard and his life. He has 12 grandchildren and 8 great-grandchildren that help out at the auction yard and in his garden at home.

“I believe in God, family and the nation,” Cowart said, quoting Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump.

Cowart said he encourages all of his children and grandchildren to own their own businesses.

He spoke proudly of his grandson, Matt Cowart, who in 2015 opened a brewery in Lebanon, Ore. Cowart said he takes out-of-town business associates and friends to Conversion Brewing whenever they are visiting.

He said everyone at Lebanon Auction Yard is like family, whether they are related or not.

In selling Buford, Cowart said most people don’t want to eat pets once they’ve named them but that he won’t have that problem.

“I’ll have no problem eating Buford,” Cowart said. “He’s going to make some good steaks.”

Rain and temperature fluctuations are worrying some in the Pacific Northwest wheat industry about sprout damage that could reduce the price farmers receive for their crop.

If the weather clears up without additional storms, “then maybe it’s not going to be that big a disaster,” said Camille Steber, USDA ARS research plant molecular geneticist in Pullman, Wash.

The concern is greater for winter wheat than the spring crop.

Grain elevators use the Hagberg-Perten falling number test to measure starch damage due to sprouting, according to Washington State University. A low falling number indicates a high level of alpha amylase, an enzyme that degrades starch and diminishes the quality of wheat products. Grain with a falling number below 300 typically receives a discount in the Pacific Northwest.

“If the wheat is green, the rain won’t cause a low falling number problem,” Steber said. “If it’s turned completely yellow, then you have to start worrying about it. The longer it’s been since it turned from green to yellow, the more likely it is that you’re going to have a problem.”

Susceptible wheat varieties include Bruehl, Jasper, AP Legacy and Xerpha. Resistant varieties include Puma, Skiles, Coda and Bobtail.

Rain when temperatures are in the 80s won’t likely cause sprouting. But rain during cooler periods are concerning to Steber.

Other areas have had a wide temperature fluctuations that can induce late-maturity alpha amylase.

“There may be some farmers whose wheat didn’t even get rained on who will be coming to us and telling us they had falling numbers below 300,” Steber said.

Blaine Jacobson, executive director of the Idaho Wheat Commission, said low falling numbers are a concern in the Lewiston, Idaho, region. Stripe rust is also impacting lower elevations of Nezperce County, according to the commission.

As harvest moved into higher elevations, falling number scores improved, Jacobson said.

“We’re optimistic that as the harvest progresses and the footprint expands, that problem will take care of itself,” he said. “But it is something we’re watching carefully.”

Steber isn’t certain how widespread the problem could be.

“I’m hoping it’s a limited problem this year,” she said.

Steber recommends farmers harvest as quickly as they can, the better to avoid any rains coming through.

Growers are likely to make more money if they avoid mixing wheat likely to have a falling number problem with wheat that probably won’t, she said.

“If you had separate fields where one was totally yellow and one was kind of green when most of the rain came through, keep them separate when you harvest them and take them to the elevator separate,” she said. “The enzyme that causes the falling number problem is actually pretty powerful. If you mixed equal amounts of wheat with falling number 400 with falling number 200, you’re not going to land at 300, you’re going to land lower than that.”

Grain that’s mildly sprouted, in the 200 to 300 range, could be stored for several months to see if the falling number goes up, Steber said. Wheat that’s badly sprouted won’t change because it’s already damaged.

Jacobson recommends farmers who receive a low falling number ask for another test at the elevator.

“There’s a lot of variability,” he said.

Online

http://smallgrains.wsu.edu/recent-weather-could-affect-wheat-quality/