Whether you believe it was terrible or terrific, there is no doubt that 2016 was a year full of news and events for Bandon and the surrounding areas. Here's a sampling of the first six months, with January to June…

Questions about the legality of a Port of Portland subsidy for ocean carriers have been kicked to the Oregon Supreme Court by a federal appeals court.

The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals has ruled that the financial system used to manage the subsidy program isn’t clearly legal under current Oregon case law.

“We are hesitant to expand Oregon law in a manner that may be contrary to Oregon’s wishes and in an important subject matter in Oregon’s history,” the ruling said.

At issue is a Port of Portland program that paid ocean carriers to stop at its beleaguered Terminal 6 container terminal, offsetting the carriers’ expense to call on the facility.

The port created the subsidy because of alleged work slowdowns by the longshoremen’s union due to a labor dispute that discouraged ocean carriers from calling on Terminal 6.

The International Longshore and Warehouse Union filed a lawsuit challenging the subsidy program for allegedly using taxpayer dollars for the benefit of private organizations, thereby violating Oregon’s constitution.

Northwest agricultural exporters depended on the Portland container facility to ship crops to Asia, but ocean carriers stopped calling on Terminal 6 in 2015 due to low productivity — despite the subsidies.

Local agricultural exporters are now saddled with greater transportation costs, as they must truck goods to Seattle-area ports, but the Port of Portland hopes to eventually restart Terminal 6.

The dispute over the subsidy is part of a broader legal war between the port, the longshoremen’s union and terminal operator ICTSI that’s seen as hindering the resumption of container service.

The Port of Portland argues the subsidy program is legal because the money is drawn from rent payments by ICTSI, not tax dollars.

The ILWU counters that the subsidy program is impermissible because the funds were commingled with tax money in a single bank account.

“The Port has demonstrated that, as a factual matter, its accounting and financial management systems adequately tracked, managed, and segregated the tax and non-tax revenues,” the 9th Circuit said.

Even so, Oregon legal precedents are silent on whether such accounting methods are allowable, the 9th Circuit said.

If the Oregon Supreme Court declines to resolve the matter, the 9th Circuit is prepared to answer the question “according to our best understanding of Oregon law,” the ruling said.

Wildlife investigators decline to provide new information on the death of OR-28, a federally protected wolf found dead Oct. 6, 2016 near Summer Lake, Ore., in the Fremont-Winema National Forest.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service continues to offer a $5,000 reward for information leading to the arrest of the person responsible. The Center for Biological Diversity, a conservation group involved in wolf management issues, said it would add $10,000 to the reward fund.

The wolf’s carcass was examined at USFWS’s National Forensics Laboratory in Ashland, Ore., but the agency has not released the results of the necropsy.

“The investigation is ongoing and at this time I cannot comment further than that,” Special Agent Gary Young said in a Dec. 23 email to the Capital Press.

OR-28 was a 3-year old female that was collared in June 2014 and dispersed from Northeast Oregon’s Mount Emily pack in November 2015. By the end of that month her tracking collar showed she had covered more than 450 miles and was in the Silver Lake area in South Central Oregon. By January 2016 it was evident she had paired up with a OR-3, a male wolf in that area. They produced at least one pup.

Killing a gray wolf is illegal under the federal Endangered Species Act. Gray wolves are listed as endangered in the western two-thirds of Oregon.

Anyone with information about this case should call Fish and Wildlife, 503-682-6131, or the Oregon State Police Tip Line, 800-452-7888. Callers may remain anonymous.

Oregon’s statewide snowpack is 22 percent above average in early 2017, which is good news but not enough to inspire confidence in the 2017 irrigation season.

Before irrigators get too confident, it should be noted that snowpacks were even higher at this point last year, said Scott Oviatt, snow survey supervisor for Oregon at USDA’s Natural Resources Conservation Service.

By April, though, the advantage of that early accumulation was wiped away by high temperatures and record snowmelt, Oviatt said.

“At this point, it’s wait and see,” he said. “Things can change on a moment’s whim in spring.”

The above-average snowpack also reflects conditions in early winter — unless the snow keeps accumulating, Oregon will fall behind by spring, Oviatt said.

“You really need to have storms coming in periodically, if not daily then two to three times a week,” he said.

In early January, snowpack levels across Oregon ranged from a high of 39 percent above average in the Hood, Sandy and Lower Deschutes basins to a low of 9 percent below average in the Klamath basin, according to NRCS data.

The danger of snowpacks melting quickly in spring is that in-stream flows won’t be sufficient to meet the needs of irrigators during summer, said Oviatt.

A sudden rush of melting water can also overwhelm the control structures at irrigation reservoirs, forcing managers to release water that may not later be replenished, he said.

While the weather and temperature forecast for the upcoming months is a wild card, current conditions are certainly optimistic compared to early 2015, when there was no snow on the ground, he said.

A five-year study of cattle grazing on federal rangeland showed they spend only 1 percent to 2.5 percent of their time in streams or in riparian buffer areas, a finding that may prove important as debate continues over the impact of cattle on public land.

Researchers at Oregon State University outfitted cows from three ranches with homemade GPS tracking collars and mapped their positions during spring to fall grazing seasons over five years. The collars reported the cows’ positions about every five minutes and compiled more than 3.7 million data points over the course of the study. The technology was able to pinpoint when the collared cows were within 30 meters of streams.

The study took place on federal grazing allotments in the Wallowa-Whitman and Umatilla national forests. The findings are potentially significant because critics of public land grazing practices have long contended cattle trample and erode streambanks and pollute water.

But John Williams, an OSU Extension rangeland expert in Wallowa County, said cows enter riparian areas for two reasons: “One is to drink, the other is to cross,” he said.

The cows typically did not rest or graze near streams. Instead, they spent most of their time grazing on higher ground or resting in dry areas away from streams, according to Williams.

Not surprisingly, the location of good forage was the primary factor in their movement. Water sources, fences, and previous logging or fires also influenced cattle movement, as did topography and the herd’s point of entry at the beginning of the season. Cows used 10 to 25 percent of the stream area in each grazing allotment.

Williams said the findings could be important to livestock management. The cattle impact on riparian areas “isn’t for very long, and it isn’t for all of the stream,” he said. “What might we look at in management options that let us be more efficient?”

Cows were more likely to enter stream areas during the heat of summer, but in the cool spring showed little interest in riparian areas, Williams said. That suggests adjusting management practices across the seasons may be appropriate.

“If talking about riparian pasture grazing in April, maybe it isn’t a big issue,” he said. “But in August, maybe you take a look at it in a different light.”

Williams said he’s shared the study findings with the U.S. Forest Service, which manages grazing allotments in the national forests.

“I believe it’s real straight forward in terms of, here’s where cows go,” he said.

The study had some quirks. Researchers selected cows at random from among the 300 to 400 in each of the three herds, and kept some of them collared for several years. About a third of the collared cows were new each year as older participants were sold or disappeared, or collars wore out.

Williams said funding for the research was tight, and the team chose to make their own GPS collars to save money. They bought plastic boxes to hold the electronics, made leather collars to fit around the cows, bought motherboards and “soldered, taped and glued” the devices for about $450 apiece in material. Williams said he was told pre-assembled GPS units would have cost $2,000 to $3,000 each.

PORTLAND, Ore. (AP) — An early 2017 storm dumped snow in southern and central Oregon, and more is expected.

The Mail Tribune reports up to 3 additional inches could fall Wednesday in Medford, Ashland and Grants Pass, and up to 18 more inches could fall higher up along the Siskiyou Pass and around Crater Lake.

Southbound traffic on Interstate 5 over the Siskiyou Summit remained closed early Wednesday. The state Department of Transportation says the problem continues to be trucks on the steep Anderson Grade between Klamath River and Yreka. It’s expected to reopen before noon.

Along with school closures, all state offices are closed in Jackson and Josephine counties.

School and state agencies are also closed throughout central and south-central Oregon.

KTVZ reports that a National Weather Service spotter northwest of Terrebonne reported a foot of new snow overnight and three-foot snow drifts early Wednesday. A weather spotter southeast of Bend reported 8 new inches and also had three-foot snow drifts as snow continued to fall.

When in America did we lose our common sense? Who would think for one second that Hillary was running a child sex ring out of a pizza parlor, and then repeat said story to many other people? Have we become…

BANDON — The health insurance open enrollment period for private insurance policies ends Jan. 31. Individuals and families who haven't already signed up for 2017 health insurance can learn more about Oregon policies and get help shopping the Health Insurance…

BANDON — The health insurance open enrollment period for private insurance policies ends Jan. 31. Individuals and families who haven't already signed up for 2017 health insurance can learn more about Oregon policies and get help shopping the Health Insurance…

Tuesdays

President Obama has turned two vast sections of Nevada and Utah into national monuments. The Bears Ears monument in Utah covers 1.35 million acres; Nevada’s Gold Butte monument is closer to 300,000 acres.

A monument under consideration for southeastern Oregon would be larger than both those monuments combined. But there’s no word on whether such a designation is coming for the Owyhee canyons of southeastern Oregon.   

Conservation groups have been pushing for creation of an Owyhee national monument, but ranchers and local leaders generally oppose that. 

Monument designations change what can be done on the land, often putting tight restrictions on mining and possibly ranching. Monuments come from executive orders outside the public process for most land-use regulations.

Malheur County rancher Elias Elguren opposes the proposed 2.5 million acre monument in his backyard.

Elguren said he has no idea if he has anything to worry about.  

“I just think there’s such a lack of openness to the process that who could really tell,” said Elguren. “President Obama has until his last day of office to sign one of these national monuments into existence. So, we really don’t know, either direction.”    

Monument supporters and members of Oregon’s congressional delegation don’t know if an Owyhee monument is coming either.

Tim Davis with Friends of Owyhee said he doesn’t know if the creation of the Nevada and Utah monuments make an Owyhee monument more or less likely in the remaining weeks of Obama’s presidential term.

“You know, I think there is a chance,” Davis said, expressing mixed feelings about the protections a monument would bring. “I mean, for myself and Friends of Owyhee standpoint, we’ve been somewhat supportive of it, but we’re still hoping for a collaboration of everyone sitting down at the table, to make a plan.”    

Davis said there are already discussions about bringing groups together to talk in March, with an eye toward limiting mining in the area and focusing on recreation activities. But Elguren said ranchers like him would need some incentive to come to the negotiating table. 

Where Davis and Elguren agree is that an open discussion would be a better approach than the high-stakes, wait-and-see situation they’re in now.

They won’t get an argument out of some in official capacities in Washington, D.C., either. Oregon Rep. Greg Walden’s spokesman, Andrew Malcolm, criticized the process by which Obama designated the other monuments this week.

“Nothing new that we have heard,” wrote Malcolm in an email answering OPB’s questions about a possible monument. “That’s part of the problem with the Antiquities Act — no transparency or public process. It could happen at any time with no warning.”

President Obama has until the day he leaves office — Jan. 20 — to take executive actions, such as designating monuments.

SALEM - Curry County Commissioner and State Representative-Elect of Oregon House District 1 David Brock Smith, R-Gold Beach, has been appointed to key legislative committees for the state.

Saturdays

EUGENE, Ore. (AP) — A Lane County winery has filed a lawsuit over nearly 800 gallons of apple cider it says it can’t sell because the Corvallis company that bottled it didn’t seek the proper label approval from federal regulators.

The Register-Guard reports King Estate Winery is seeking $100,000 in damages from Oregon Honey Products, which does business as Nectar Creek.

The suit, filed Dec. 19, alleges the winery paid $7,000 to Nectar Creek as part of an agreement requiring the company to bottle cider and obtain federal “certificate of label approval.” The approval allows an alcoholic beverage to be sold in interstate commerce.

The winery claims Nectar Creek never submitted the application for label approval, leaving the bottles of cider unable to be sold.

Nectar Creek co-founder Nick Lorenz declined to comment on the lawsuit.

PORTLAND, Ore. (AP) — A federal judge has denied Oregon refuge occupier Ryan Payne’s request to withdraw his guilty plea.

The Oregonian/OregonLive reports that U.S. District Judge Anna J. Brown ruled Wednesday that Payne’s plea in the Oregon case wasn’t, as his attorney argued, contingent on reaching a plea agreement in a case against him in Nevada.

Payne, of Anaconda, Montana, admitted in July that he conspired with others to prevent Interior Department employees from doing their jobs during the 41-day occupation of the Malheur National Wildfire Refuge.

Payne was one of 11 defendants to plead guilty before others in the case went to trial and were found not guilty.

Payne will be sentenced at a later date.

In Nevada, he’s accused of organizing “armed protection” in an April 2014 standoff over impounding Cliven Bundy’s cattle.

RICHLAND, Ore. (AP) — Officials say dozens of elk are dead after the herd fell through the ice at a reservoir in eastern Oregon.

The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife said in a Facebook post that 41 elk died Tuesday on the Powder River arm of Brownlee Reservoir.

The Baker City Herald reports someone who lives near the reservoir called to report the incident. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Biologist Brian Ratliff told the newspaper the elk were trying to cross the reservoir from the north side when the ice broke in four places.

Officials drove to the area to see if it was possible to save any of the elk or salvage meat, but Ratliff said neither option was possible.

The reservoir is about 260 miles east of Portland.

Tuesdays

Mondays

Saturdays

Clare Sullivan, south Willamette Valley field crops extension agent, is leaving Western Oregon to take an extension position in Central Oregon.

She will start in the newly created Small Farms and Community Food Systems position Feb. 1.

Her departure marks the second time a south valley field crops extension agent has left since Mark Mellbye retired from full-time duty in 2008. Paul Marquardt filled the position for less than a year, starting in March of 2012 and leaving in January of 2013, before Sullivan came on.

Her exit leaves the Willamette Valley with just one field crops agent, Nicole Anderson, who is based in McMinnville and has field crop extension responsibilities in Washington, Yamhill and Polk counties.

Sullivan said it was a difficult decision to leave the valley, where she has served as an extension agent since June 2014.

“It was a very, very tough decision,” Sullivan said. “I loved working with the farmers here. Basically, I feel like I was brought into a family. It makes it very tough to leave.”

Sullivan holds a master’s degree in soil science from the University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, and a bachelor’s degree in global resource systems in agriculture from the University of British Columbia.

Derek Godwin, extension administrator for the West Central Region, which includes Marion, Yamhill, Polk, Benton and Linn counties, said refilling the south valley position, as well as filling a vacant field crops position in Marion County, are top priorities.

“Because so many large farms grow field crops, our field crops faculty are sort of first in line when it comes to working with growers and connecting with OSU,” Godwin said.

“Growers that have field crops may also be growing hazelnuts or blueberries or Christmas trees, but they tend to think of the field crops person as their kind of high priority person to go to,” Godwin said.

“That is why in my opinion it is so important to us to get these positions filled, because they are our front line in serving the industry,” he said.

Administrators could be hard-pressed to fill vacancies, however, with the Legislature facing a $1.7 billion state budget gap and with extension funding flat in the governor’s proposed budget.

According to Sam Angima, an assistant dean in the College of Agricultural Sciences, the flat budget puts extension at 8 percent below a continuing-service-level budget.