Stripe rust pressure this year is “severe to extremely severe” in Pacific Northwest wheat, but most farmers have been able to control it by growing resistant varieties or by applying fungicides.

USDA Agricultural Research Service plant geneticist Xianming Chen blames the mild winter, which allowed the rust to survive and develop in winter wheat.

“Stripe rust developed very early and very quick,” Chen said.

The fungus can cause more than a 60 percent yield loss in highly susceptible wheat varieties.

Applying fungicide has paid off for growers. Rust is generally under control in most commercial fields, Chen said.

“That is big spending for growers, but this year, it was worth it to do that,” he said.

The fungus is occurring almost everywhere in the Pacific Northwest, even in dryland areas.

He hopes to see more farmers plant resistant varieties in the future. That would eliminate the need to spray fungicide, even in severe rust years.

Most wheat fields are now past the point where a fungicide application would help. Rust typically dies by harvest, Chen said, as it cannot live long in dead leaf tissue.

Chen said later-planted spring wheat in higher elevations may still have active rust due to recent rain.

Some of the major fungicides cannot be used after the flowering stage, while others can be used up to 30 days before harvest. Growers should be sure to read the fungicide labels, Chen said.

Temperatures are not quite optimum for the wheat’s high temperature, adult plant resistance to stripe rust to kick in.

It’s too early to tell the outlook for next season, he said.

“It depends on what the weather conditions are from now to the fall,” Chen said. “If the coming winter is cold, then the rust will die more. If the coming winter is very mild like last winter, this rust will survive more.”

Chen said roughly 36 percent of winter wheat varieties are resistant to stripe rust and 16 percent are moderately resistant. Eight percent are moderately resistant to moderately susceptible and 24 percent are moderately susceptible. None are highly susceptible.

For spring wheat, roughly 12 percent of the varieties are resistant, 40 percent are moderately resistant, 11 percent are moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, 11 percent are moderately susceptible and 11 percent are susceptible.

MONDAY, JULY 25

BANDON — Choosing the right health insurance plan is an important health decision for every individual. Coast Community Health Center is excited to announce continued funding by the Oregon Health Authority for insurance enrollment assistance for residents in southern Coos…

SOUTH COAST — Bandon, Langlois and Port Orford are known for their cranberry farms, but there's another berry growing in popularity along the South Coast.

SOUTH COAST — The others of his age group see him as the lead — the inspiration for a bunch more like him.

SILVERTON — The Oregon Newspaper Publishers Association recognized The World, the Bandon Western World and the Umpqua Post with a total of 30 awards this week, including — for the second year in a row — the association’s highest honor,…

SILVERTON — The Oregon Newspaper Publishers Association recognized The World, the Bandon Western World and the Umpqua Post with a total of 31 awards this week, including – for the second year in a row – the association’s highest honor,…

SATURDAY, JULY 23

SILVERTON — The Oregon Newspaper Publishers Association recognized The World, the Bandon Western World and the Umpqua Post with a total of 31 awards this week, including – for the second year in a row – the association’s highest honor,…

ONTARIO, Ore. — The Obama administration is well aware of the strong local opposition to a proposed national monument in Malheur County, U.S. Sen. Ron Wyden told Eastern Oregon residents on July 21.

Malheur County residents who asked Wyden during an annual town hall meeting whether he supports the proposed national monument said they didn’t receive a definite answer.

But Wyden did say several times that the president is well aware of the local opposition to a proposed national monument on 2.5 million acres in a part of the county known as the Owyhee Canyonlands.

“I have told the Obama administration repeatedly ... that there is very vigorous opposition at the local level to the monument,” the Oregon Democrat said. “They would have had no confusion about what I’m telling them.”

Supporters want Obama to use the Antiquities Act to declare a national monument in Malheur County.

Ranchers and others who asked Wyden whether he supports the national monument proposal being pushed by the Oregon Natural Desert Association told Capital Press later they didn’t receive a clear answer.

Malheur County Farm Bureau President Jeana Hall asked Wyden for a commitment to “stand up for the people of Oregon, not just here in Malheur, and say that there should not be a monument designation.”

Julie Mackenzie, a Jordan Valley rancher, asked Wyden, “Are you for the monument?”

Wyden said it’s his duty to respect how Oregon residents vote on issues. Malheur County residents voted 9-1 against the monument in a special election in March. He also said that while Malheur County residents have voted on the issue, the rest of Oregon has not.

“I didn’t hear an answer,” Hall told Capital Press later. “I think I heard a ‘maybe’ somewhere in there.”

Mackenzie said she asked the senator “a yes or no question and he didn’t answer it. It was just kind of a going around in circles type of thing.”

Wyden Press Secretary Hank Stern said he would let the senator’s words during the meeting speak for themselves but added, “I thought he expressed himself pretty clearly.”

The U.S. House of Representatives passed an Interior Department funding bill July 14 that includes a provision preventing funds from being used to create a national monument in Malheur County.

Jordan Valley rancher Elias Eiguren asked Wyden whether he would support a similar proposal in the Senate.

Eiguren said he and other ranchers came to the meeting hoping to get Wyden to commit to opposing a monument designation and supporting a proposal in the Senate similar to the one passed by the House.

Eiguren told Capital Press that didn’t happen.

“We would really hope Sen. Wyden will do what is good for the land and help us stop this monument,” he said.

LEBANON, Ore. — Coy Cowart and three friends joked about how many hamburgers his giant steer Buford would make.

They decided the steer would produce 3,600 quarter-pounder hamburgers.

Buford is not your average steer. Weighing in at 2,175 pounds, he brought 83 cents per pound at Cowart’s Lebanon Auction Yard on July 21. When Cowart stood next to Buford in the auction ring, the steer towered over him.

Buford was nearly twice as heavy as the average steer, which typically weighs approximately 1,200 pounds.

Cowart called Buford his pet steer, having raised him for four years.

“He was always the most gentle guy,” Cowart said. “When I would call him in he would lead all of the other cattle in with him.

Cowart said he would have liked to keep Buford longer to see how much bigger he would get but that he became too big to manage with the other cattle.

Cowart is co-owner of Lebanon Auction Yard with his wife, Helen, son Terry and daughter-in-law Lezlie. He started the auction yard in 1987 after he retired from a career in construction.

“I never thought I would own a business before I retired,” Cowart said. “At 54 years old I spent a lifetime making money for other people and thought, Why not do it for myself?”

When Cowart started the auction yard there were 18 other auction yards in Oregon — now there are eight. Three are left in the Willamette Valley.

Diversification has been a big contributor to Cowart’s success. He said he realized early on that auctioning dairy cows wouldn’t be enough to sustain his family so he began investing in other areas.

The auction yard now sells farm equipment and animals and provides trucking services, contracts cattle and transports hay and feed.

Cowart expanded the auction yard last year with the addition of a 100-by-240-foot barn and expects to put in another, bigger barn later this year.

Cowart said family is a huge part of Lebanon Auction Yard and his life. He has 12 grandchildren and 8 great-grandchildren that help out at the auction yard and in his garden at home.

“I believe in God, family and the nation,” Cowart said, quoting Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump.

Cowart said he encourages all of his children and grandchildren to own their own businesses.

He spoke proudly of his grandson, Matt Cowart, who in 2015 opened a brewery in Lebanon, Ore. Cowart said he takes out-of-town business associates and friends to Conversion Brewing whenever they are visiting.

He said everyone at Lebanon Auction Yard is like family, whether they are related or not.

In selling Buford, Cowart said most people don’t want to eat pets once they’ve named them but that he won’t have that problem.

“I’ll have no problem eating Buford,” Cowart said. “He’s going to make some good steaks.”

Rain and temperature fluctuations are worrying some in the Pacific Northwest wheat industry about sprout damage that could reduce the price farmers receive for their crop.

If the weather clears up without additional storms, “then maybe it’s not going to be that big a disaster,” said Camille Steber, USDA ARS research plant molecular geneticist in Pullman, Wash.

The concern is greater for winter wheat than the spring crop.

Grain elevators use the Hagberg-Perten falling number test to measure starch damage due to sprouting, according to Washington State University. A low falling number indicates a high level of alpha amylase, an enzyme that degrades starch and diminishes the quality of wheat products. Grain with a falling number below 300 typically receives a discount in the Pacific Northwest.

“If the wheat is green, the rain won’t cause a low falling number problem,” Steber said. “If it’s turned completely yellow, then you have to start worrying about it. The longer it’s been since it turned from green to yellow, the more likely it is that you’re going to have a problem.”

Susceptible wheat varieties include Bruehl, Jasper, AP Legacy and Xerpha. Resistant varieties include Puma, Skiles, Coda and Bobtail.

Rain when temperatures are in the 80s won’t likely cause sprouting. But rain during cooler periods are concerning to Steber.

Other areas have had a wide temperature fluctuations that can induce late-maturity alpha amylase.

“There may be some farmers whose wheat didn’t even get rained on who will be coming to us and telling us they had falling numbers below 300,” Steber said.

Blaine Jacobson, executive director of the Idaho Wheat Commission, said low falling numbers are a concern in the Lewiston, Idaho, region. Stripe rust is also impacting lower elevations of Nezperce County, according to the commission.

As harvest moved into higher elevations, falling number scores improved, Jacobson said.

“We’re optimistic that as the harvest progresses and the footprint expands, that problem will take care of itself,” he said. “But it is something we’re watching carefully.”

Steber isn’t certain how widespread the problem could be.

“I’m hoping it’s a limited problem this year,” she said.

Steber recommends farmers harvest as quickly as they can, the better to avoid any rains coming through.

Growers are likely to make more money if they avoid mixing wheat likely to have a falling number problem with wheat that probably won’t, she said.

“If you had separate fields where one was totally yellow and one was kind of green when most of the rain came through, keep them separate when you harvest them and take them to the elevator separate,” she said. “The enzyme that causes the falling number problem is actually pretty powerful. If you mixed equal amounts of wheat with falling number 400 with falling number 200, you’re not going to land at 300, you’re going to land lower than that.”

Grain that’s mildly sprouted, in the 200 to 300 range, could be stored for several months to see if the falling number goes up, Steber said. Wheat that’s badly sprouted won’t change because it’s already damaged.

Jacobson recommends farmers who receive a low falling number ask for another test at the elevator.

“There’s a lot of variability,” he said.

Online

http://smallgrains.wsu.edu/recent-weather-could-affect-wheat-quality/

PENDLETON, Ore. — It’s been a hectic homecoming for Tony Flagg.

After nearly two decades as CEO of the Pendleton Flour Mills, Flagg finds himself back in the Round-Up City — this time as vice president of business development for United Grain Corporation, which recently bought all grain assets from the now-dissolved Pendleton Grain Growers.

The deal became official June 10, which gave Flagg one month to hire staff and open a new office on Main Street before the start of wheat harvest. The sale included PGG’s upcountry grain elevators and Columbia River terminal, but not its other businesses or main office building on Dorion Avenue.

The timing was tricky, having to jump directly into harvest. But Flagg said they’ve hit the ground running and made a good first impression on producers.

“I think we’ve been received very well,” he said. “They appreciate that we’re here.”

United Grain now has the task of picking up where PGG dropped off, while updating infrastructure that has become obsolete. When UGC agreed to buy the facilities, it promised to invest $9 million toward making them more modern and efficient. Flagg said the contract gives them five years to get the job done, but added they want to move forward as soon as possible.

“Many of the elevators are so antiquated they’re no longer competitive and, quite frankly, no longer safe,” he said.

That level of commitment from United Grain comes at the backing of its owner, the Mitsui Group, a multi-billion dollar international trading company with offices in Tokyo and New York City. Mitsui became interested in food production after building its portfolio in mining, energy and manufacturing.

United Grain is at the forefront of that strategy, Flagg said. The company formed in 1969 and now operates the largest grain export terminal on the West Coast in Vancouver, Washington. For years, UGC operated purely as a wheat exporter, but with the rise of genetically modified crops, an emerging middle class in China and deepening of the Columbia River channel to accommodate larger ships, Flagg said the market has become significantly larger and more complex.

That, in turn, has led United Grain to branch out and work directly with farmers, which Flagg said gives them a greater command of the whole supply chain. In other words, they can supply more grain at a faster rate, amounting to more reliable service for customers.

“It’s all about speed, space and service,” Flagg said. “That’s why we’re here.”

The PGG Board of Directors voted to dissolve in May, ending 86 years of service in Eastern Oregon. Flagg said everyone, including himself, regrets that the co-op failed. But UGC is excited for the chance to develop relationships directly with farmers. UGC did retain nine former PGG employees, including Jason Middleton, who was hired as region manager.

Flagg knew even before the sale it would take time and money to get the elevators where they need to be. Some just simply aren’t equipped to handle the needs of today’s farmers and, when it comes to harvest, time equals money.

“I’m dealing with truck lineup issues at McNary, and it’s only the front end of harvest,” Flagg said. “If the trucks don’t get back to the field, harvest stops ... We need to make these facilities faster, and hold more grain.”

The first step, Flagg said, is to look at which elevators are worth updating and which UGC will have to close. Flagg, 66, said he will facilitate that process and, once the operation is running smoothly, he plans to retire.

Umatilla County is one of, if not the best, grain producing counties in the U.S., Flagg said. He said it’s up to them now to improve their level of service and win PGG’s customers back.

CANBY, Ore. — Nurseryman Rich Birkemeier can’t keep up with the demand for hazelnut trees.

The owner of Birkemeier Nursery supplies farmers with young hazelnut trees, but the demand has been so great that his 300-acre hazelnut farm and nursery is sold out for 2016 and has already sold out of some varieties for 2017. Birkemeier has been forced to start a waiting list for new growers who want to plant the popular nut tree.

Birkemeier called the last four years a “renaissance in the hazelnut industry” and sees a bright future for Oregon hazelnuts.

“A lot of things have come together at the same time that have really pushed the hazelnut industry forward,” Birkemeier said. “There’s a gaining realization in the agricultural community that hazelnuts are the things to grow in Oregon.”

Willamette Valley growers have planted between 3,000 and 4,000 acres of hazelnuts a year since 2014, according to Pacific Agricultural Survey. Owner Mike McDaniel said he expects even more new acreage to be added this year.

New growers with no agricultural experience, farmers looking to diversify their crops and long-time hazelnut producers are among those planting trees, with this year’s statewide acreage blossoming to about 46,000 acres.

Hazelnuts have been grown in the Willamette Valley since the first tree was planted in 1858 because of the region’s unique rich soil and mild climate. Today Oregon produces 99 percent of U.S. hazelnuts and 4 percent of the world’s supply.

Oregon State University hazelnut breeder Shawn Mehlenbacher said he could have never anticipated the growth in hazelnut acreage he has seen during the last few years.

“This industry is growing faster than I ever imagined,” Mehlenbacher said, adding that “we don’t have any problem selling what we can grow.”

The picture wasn’t always so rosy. In a 2012 survey, the National Agricultural Statistics Service reported that hazelnut acreage and production were flat, a disease was devastating hazelnut trees, and prices were stagnant.

However, a series of “God moments” turned the industry around, Birkemeier said.

The biggest breakthrough came in 2009, when OSU’s Mehlenbacher released several cultivars resistant to eastern filbert blight, bringing new hope to growers. The fungal disease had showed up in Oregon in 1973 and eventually infected a large portion of the state’s hazelnut orchards, sending the industry into gradual decline.

As the resistant trees began to replace those that were susceptible to EFB, other events further boosted the industry.

Ferrero U.S.A. expanded its production of Nutella, a hazelnut-and-chocolate spread especially popular among young consumers. Ferrero already operated a plant in Ontario, Canada, and in 2012 built another in Mexico to meet the growing demand, with Oregon the closest hazelnut provider.

Two years later, a major freeze wiped out one-third of Turkey’s hazelnut crop. The nation provides 70 percent of the world’s hazelnuts. With that production decline, several countries — particularly China — turned to Oregon to meet their demand.

The result: 15,000 acres of hazelnut trees have been planted since 2009.

The cost of a new hazelnut orchard depends on the density of the planting, whether outside contractors do the work and the price of the drip irrigation system.

OSU Orchard Crops Extension Specialist Nik Wiman said hazelnut trees cost an average of $7 to $8 each. Some growers plant orchards in a single-density configuration — 108 trees per acre. Contracting someone to plant the orchard adds about $1 per tree to the cost, he said.

Some growers plant double-density orchards — 216 trees per acre, which costs an average of $1,620. Wiman said planting those orchards is more costly upfront but yields significantly higher returns sooner.

A single-density orchard begins producing hazelnuts — about 75 pounds per acre — in the third year. Production will typically increase each year until an orchard reaches full production — about 2,800 pounds per acre — by the 12th year, according to OSU.

A double-density orchard’s production is twice that of the single-density orchard until the 10th year, when every other tree is removed to provide adequate spacing for the mature trees.

Oregon Hazelnut Commission Administrator Meredith Nagley said the nuts are popular with the state’s 650 growers because they produce long-term yields, are sustainable and don’t require many inputs once they are planted and start yielding nuts.

Leroy and Barney Kropf first planted 35 acres of hazelnuts on their Linn County, Ore., grass seed farm in 2009. As of this year, their hazelnut orchard has grown to 300 acres, and Barney Kropf said they plan to add 30 acres a year.

“We were expecting to expand but not this fast at all,” Kropf said.

He said the grass seed business is unpredictable and hazelnuts are the opposite, which makes them a good complementary crop.

OSU Extension’s Wiman said he expects a lot of growers in the southern Willamette Valley to also start growing hazelnuts, following the lead of growers in the northern valley, where they are most popular.

Kropf said one of the most attractive things about growing hazelnuts is the high demand from processors.

At Willamette Hazelnut Growers in Newberg, Ore., CFO and Sales Manager Michael Severeid said the rapidly growing industry has put pressure on processors to obtain supply and has created competition for the nuts.

According to the USDA noncitrus fruits and nuts summary published this month, Oregon hazelnuts sold for an average of $1.34 per pound in 2013, and prices peaked in 2014 at $1.80 per pound after the frost in Turkey. In 2015, the average price per pound was $1.40.

“There’s a lot of competition with the processors to get supply and meet demands,” Severeid said. “The opposite is true for growers. Everyone wants your business.”

To attract new growers, Severeid said Willamette Hazelnut helps them be more successful. One effort is a giant metal bin that can carry up to 20 times more hazelnuts than typical harvest bins.

Severeid said Willamette Hazelnut built the bin for growers to make it easier and more cost-effective for them to handle their crops.

Severeid sees even more room for expansion in the North American market.

“Our problem has always been an inadequate supply for export,” Severeid said. “We never have a problem selling what we can produce.”

New and veteran growers don’t only get support from processors. The hazelnut commission’s Nagley said the industry is one of the most collaborative and supportive she has ever seen.

Mehlenbacher said that’s because the annual hazelnut production is easily sold, which in turn encourages growers to work together.

OSU also plays a big role. Beyond creating the filbert blight-resistant cultivars, OSU Extension Service researches new hazelnut cultivars and provides resources to growers.

OSU Extension is split into four areas: breeding and genetics, insect and pest management, plant pathology and cultural practices.

OSU Extension’s Wiman works in cultural practices, researching the physiological needs of the trees and serving as a resource for growers.

“My job is to empower growers and investigate the needs of the trees,” Wiman said.

Birkemeier also stressed the importance of the strong relationship between OSU and growers.

In 2010, OSU and Oregon hazelnut growers established the Hazelnut Variety Committee and agreed to pay royalties for cultivars created by OSU in return for exclusive rights to new cultivars. When OSU releases a new cultivar, no overseas growers can buy it for three years.

“Hazelnut people are the example of how to behave, support new people and support research,” Mehlenbacher said. “We’re the little guys in the world. We have to work together to be successful.”

With more acres going into production every year, growers and processors see a bright future for the hazelnut industry.

Having been in the hazelnut industry his whole life as a grower and a nurseryman, Birkemeier said he is excited.

“It’s so rewarding to see an industry go through all of that struggling for 30 years and to all of a sudden see this huge resurgence in hazelnuts,” Birkemeier said.

ECHO, Ore. — A train collided with a semi-truck Wednesday near Rieth Road, about nine miles east of Echo.

The train was heading east toward Pendleton pulling roughly 15 railroad cars at about 30 mph, according to Umatilla County Undersheriff Jim Littlefield.

The semi-truck, belonging to Platinum Transportation of Hermiston, was carrying two trailers of wheat and headed north when it apparently failed to yield at the railroad crossing.

The driver, Budd Richards, 54, of Hermiston, was conscious, but complaining of head, neck and leg pain when rescue crews arrived. He was transported via ambulance to St. Anthony Hospital and was expected to be released Wednesday.

According to Union Pacific Railroad employees at the scene the train had sounded its horn, but could not stop in time before hitting the truck.

Cell phone service is scarce in the area, and the call for help came via radio.

Mariano Hawk, the terminal manager for Union Pacific, said the train struck the truck where the two trailers were hitched together, knocking the truck cab and one trailer on its side north of the railroad tracks and leaving the rear trailer upright to the southeast of the tracks.

BANDON -- The Langlois Public Library and the Langlois Lion Club is sponsoring “Ethiopia – A Cultural Tour” with former Peace Corps volunteer Charles “Sam” Geer at 6 p.m. on Wednesday, July 27, at the Langlois Lion Club.

Straw-compressing facilities can be built on Oregon farmland without a county conditional use permit, according to the Oregon Court of Appeals.

The appellate court has rejected arguments that compressing bales of straw for easier shipment to overseas markets is a form of “processing” that’s disallowed within farm zones without a permit.

The ruling upholds a finding by Oregon’s Land Use Board of Appeals, or LUBA, that straw-compressing is crop “preparation” that’s allowed outright on farmland.

“The record reflects that the straw is unchanged in substance from when it is first baled in the field to when it is packaged for resale,” the appellate court said in the July 20 ruling.

The case is seen as significant for Oregon land use law because it could have changed allowable farm activities on a county-by-county basis.

Farmer John Gilmour of Albany, Ore., said that time restrictions imposed on his straw-compressing facility by Linn County were hurting its competitiveness, while some neighbors complained of traffic hazards and noise.

The ruling ensures uniformity across Oregon in the definition of “farm use,” said Alan Sorem, attorney for Gilmour.

If each county were to have its own interpretation of farm use, with different restrictions on operations, it would be destabilizing for agriculture, he said.

“It’s a great decision in that it provides stability for farmers,” Sorem said.

Suzi Maresh, a neighbor opposed to the facility, said that straw-compressing is a great business but should be situated in an area where trucks don’t cause road hazards.

“This is an entirely inappropriate development for this location in Linn County,” Maresh said.

The Oregon Court of Appeals decision is disappointing because it doesn’t resolve the traffic problem and could allow it to grow worse if Gilmour expands, she said.

Critics of the facility argued for a reversal of the LUBA opinion, claiming the board’s analysis of “processing” was incomplete and should have followed Linn County’s interpretation, which held that straw compressing was a “commercial activity in conjunction with farm use” and required a permit.

The Oregon Court of Appeals has disagreed with this view, ruling that LUBA is not required to defer to the county’s legal reasoning.

Critics claimed facility compresses up to 25,000 tons of straw collected from other farms, compared to 5,000 tons grown by Gilmour, and it operates year-round, which disqualifies it as a “farm use.”

Gilmour countered that the facility may accept outside straw because it’s also grown on property zoned exclusively for farm use.

Compressing is simply a “preparation” of the crop for shipping, as it doesn’t fundamentally change the character of the straw — unlike turning berries into jam, he said.

ONTARIO, Ore. — Oregon State University field trials have shown that applying the herbicide Outlook through drip irrigation works much better than surface application in controlling the yellow nutsedge weed.

Now grower experience is confirming that research.

Farmers who produce yellow bulb onions in Idaho and Oregon received special permission for the first time this year from their state agriculture departments to apply Outlook through drip irrigation. Previously, they were limited to surface application of the herbicide.

“We were very successful with” applying it through a drip system, Nyssa farmer Bruce Corn said. “It worked very, very good.”

About 95 percent of the 20,000 acres of bulb onions grown in Southwestern Idaho and Eastern Oregon are yellows and about 60 percent of them are on drip irrigation systems.

According to OSU researchers, Outlook is one of the most effective tools in controlling yellow nutsedge, which is the main weed challenge for growers in this region.

OSU Weed Scientist Joel Felix said growers who have used Outlook in drip systems this year are reporting good results.

“The growers that I’ve spoken to so far that are using it in a drip system are quite happy,” he said. “If you have a drip system, I think you’ll be wasting your money applying it over the top ... because we’re seeing much better nutsedge control from applying it through a drip system.”

The field trials Felix has led at OSU’s Malheur County Research Station the past three seasons are occurring in silt loam soil, and he said farmers with lighter soils would likely be better off applying Outlook at lower rates than those being applied at the station.

Growers in the area are limited to applying a total of 21 ounces of Outlook through a drip system per season.

The OSU trials are experimenting with different application rates.

For example, 7 ounces of the herbicide is being applied three different times over three weeks or 11 ounces is being applied and then 10 ounces two weeks later.

The herbicide will be more available in lighter soils than it is in loamy soils because of the reduction in organic matter and farmers with lighter soils should probably apply the herbicide at smaller rates, Felix said.

Applications are being studied at the plant’s two-leaf stage and having more of the herbicide available to the young plants could cause injury to them, Felix said.

“On the lighter soils, it might be better to go 5-5-5-6 or 7-7-7 or you may end up getting more injury to onions than a grower can stomach,” he said.

He said it’s also important that the herbicide be diluted with water and applied over an extended period. For example, OSU researchers are mixing 7 onces in 35 gallons of water and injecting that solution into the drip line for eight hours.

The Port of Morrow is expanding its capacity to recycle industrial wastewater for local farmers to irrigate their crops.

General Manager Gary Neal said as the port has grown there has been a sharp increase in the amount of wastewater generated by food processors and data centers at the East Beach Industrial Park. The nutrient-rich water is already used to water nearby farmland under a permit with the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, but in order to keep up with the pace of growth, the port plans to build a 15-mile pipeline to pump additional effluent to Madison Ranches near Echo.

Neal said the project will benefit both sides, providing water to the farm and creating flexibility for the port to handle its wastewater.

“It’s a good fit,” Neal said. “You can grow basically any crop with that process water.”

Neal said they expect to start construction in September and finish by March 2017. The pipeline will run underneath both Highway 730 and Interstate 84 between the port and Madison Ranches. The entire project is expected to cost between $12 million and $13 million, and has been backed by the state Infrastructure Finance Authority.

Neal said the number of acres the port can use to apply wastewater will nearly double following the build-out.

“We obviously have had a lot of growth the past couple of years,” he said. “We’re trying to play catch-up and add some capacity.”

The port pumps wastewater to three different farms around Boardman, totaling roughly 6,000 acres. Ron McKinnis, engineer at the port, said they would have to build a wastewater treatment facility if they didn’t use land application. Not only would that be more expensive, but he said the farms would also lose out on water rich in nitrogen and phosphorous.

“It really is a good recycling project,” McKinnis said. “There’s a good crop benefit at the end of the day.”

THURSDAY, JULY 21