A federal judge in San Francisco will not suspend or modify a court injunction aimed at protecting threatened coho salmon from a deadly parasite in the Klamath River.

The ruling, handed down late Monday by Judge William Orrick, further delays the start of irrigation season for local farmers and ranchers heading into what is expected to be a difficult drought year.

Scott Cheyne, assistant director of the Klamath Irrigation District, said the holdup is already having a negative effect on agriculture across the basin — wheat fields are stunted, ranchers are worried about growing enough forage for cattle, and row crops, such as garlic, are especially under stress.

“We’re looking at some higher temperatures coming,” Cheyne said. “We did get some moisture over the weekend, but it’s far from getting us where we need to be.”

PacifiCorp, which operates a system of hydroelectric dams on the Klamath River, did agree last week to transfer 10,500 acre-feet of water to the Bureau of Reclamation to begin charging canals on the Klamath Project. Operators began releasing 100 cubic feet per second of water from Upper Klamath Lake on April 26.

KID typically starts irrigation season on April 15, Cheyne said. He expects it will be at least another month before they get their water allocation this year.

“We’re already more than two weeks past our start date,” Cheyne said. “It’s a crucial time. We’re on a short season. It’s not like we’re going to pick up extra time at the end. We have a set number of growing days here, and you can’t take a month out of it and expect that you will be OK.”

The latest conflict in the basin centers on a parasite in the Klamath River known as C. shasta, which infects juvenile salmon on contact and can be fatal. The Hoopa Valley and Yurok tribes in northern California sued the Bureau of Reclamation and National Marine Fisheries Service in 2017, arguing that mismanagement of the river below the four major dams led to a deadly outbreak of C. shasta in 2014 and 2015.

Orrick, the judge, ultimately granted an injunction requiring 50,000 acre-feet of stored water in Upper Klamath Lake to flush and dilute C. shasta until at least 80 percent of the salmon have finished migrating to the ocean — usually sometime after June 1.

The Bureau of Reclamation is also required by law to maintain minimum water levels for an endangered species of sucker fish in the lake, and allocate water for irrigators. Supplies are already tight this year, with Gov. Kate Brown declaring a drought emergency for Klamath County in March. Stream flows are expected to range between 24 and 58 percent of normal through September, according to the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service.

Feeling the pinch, the Klamath Water Users Association, along with KID and several other districts, filed a motion to stay the injunction, which would have allowed irrigation season to begin on time. Orrick denied the request, stating the defendants “do not show newly discovered evidence sufficient to justify suspending or modifying the injunctions.”

“While all of the parties present important equitable concerns, I issued the injunctions because the law demands that endangered species are entitled to primary protection,” Orrick wrote in his ruling.

Mike Orcutt, fisheries department director for the Hoopa Valley Tribe, said he was pleased with the decision. Salmon are of the utmost importance to tribal culture, he said, and the protections are critical for the species’ survival.

“The importance of the fish to the tribes is no less than the air we breathe,” Orcutt said. “My job is to make sure our children and grandchildren have the same opportunities that our elders did.”

Last year’s fall Chinook run in the Klamath River was the worst on record, with a surplus of just roughly 1,600 fish. The tribes are guaranteed half the harvest per their fishing rights, Orcutt said, leaving them with just 814.

“We felt strongly there was a linkage to the adverse conditions we saw,” he said. “I think it’s critical the protections remain intact.”

Scott White, executive director of the Klamath Water Users Association, said the group is obviously disappointed with the ruling. He said irrigators have taken 25,000 acres of farmland out of production since the 1990s to provide more water for fisheries, yet they are worse off now than they were before.

“Maybe we need to change our mindset and rethink our approach,” White said.

Jerry Enman, a KWUA board member and farmer near Merrill, Ore., said that science used to support the injunction has not been peer reviewed, and federal fisheries biologists have raised serious questions about whether dilution flows are valid.

Laura Williams, a spokeswoman for the Bureau of Reclamation in Klamath Falls, Ore., said the agency expects it will have about 200,000 acre-feet of water for irrigation when the season begins, and possibly more depending on how much of the 50,000 acre-feet of stored water is left over after dilution flows.

“It all depends on what goes in to Upper Klamath Lake,” Williams said.

Brad Kirby, president of KWUA and manager of the Tulelake Irrigation District, said the injunction leaves them with little water to work with this year going forward. The allocation is usually around 390,000 acre-feet during a normal season.

“We’ve threaded the needle in the past, and will do what we can to do it again,” Kirby said.

Orcutt said he understands the difficulties irrigators face, and emphasized that long-term fix is needed in the basin to satisfy competing water interests.

“It can’t be business as usual,” he said. “We need to look at realistically what’s sustainable.”

Local lakes: The lake temperature on Tenmile Lakes in Lakeside reached 60 degrees last weekend and like magic, the largemouth bass went on the bite. Harry Bingham, the boat mechanic at Ringo's Lakeside Marina, was out last weekend and crushed…

After years of double-digit growth, Oregon’s craft beer sales are slowing. Some think legal cannabis might be playing a role.

Deschutes Brewery CEO Michael LaLonde tells The Bend Bulletin that legalized cannabis has affected sales. “It’s so potent today. Someone might go and have a beer and do some edibles, and the combination of those two things means they don’t consume as much alcohol,” he said.

But Elan Walsky, the co-owner of Coalition Brewing, isn’t so sure. He thinks cannabis presents a unique opportunity. He says his fastest-growing product is the brewery’s Two Flowers India Pale Ale. It uses CBD, a non-psychoactive ingredient of cannabis. “And you know the two industries really share a lot of the same hallmarks,” he said. 

“They both share a focus on quality and locality. They’re both regulated in the same way and of course hops and hemp are very closely related genetically.”

The slowing craft beer market has also been attributed to limited shelf space at stores, and a customer move from large bottles to smaller containers.

CENTRAL POINT, Ore. — Grange Co-op awarded $13,500 in scholarships to high school seniors at their annual meeting on April 25.

Twelve scholarships, totaling $12,000, were presented by Grange Co-op. One $1,500 Rogue Co-op Scholarship was presented by Rogue Credit Union, Medford Food Co-op, Ashland Food Co-op and Grange Co-op.

Since 2012, Grange Co-op has awarded $80,500 in scholarships to high school seniors, and in conjunction with Rogue Co-ops, another $9,500, totaling $90,000.

“Providing education is a fundamental principle for cooperatives, and we could not be prouder to support such a fine group of young men and women in pursuit of higher education,” stated Barry Robino, CEO of Grange Co-op, in a press release. “This scholarship program offers students an opportunity to learn how the cooperative business model impacts their communities, providing them with insight they may not previously have known.”

Awarded for their academic excellence and community involvement, the following students received a $1,000 scholarship. Abby Andrus from Mount Shasta, Calif.; Abby Togerson from Grants Pass, Ore.; Blake Aho from Klamath Falls, Ore.; Daphne Hobbs from Garberville, Calif.; Liliana Tapia from Macdoel, Calif.; Ryan Laws from Central Point, Ore.; Rose McFarland from Eagle Point, Ore.; Dale Theron from Fortuna, Calif.; Virginia Gonzales from North Bend, Ore.; Carlie Paquette from North Bend, Ore.; Francesca Abusmas from Grants Pass, Ore.; and Matthew Hageman from Medford, Ore.

Awarded the Rogue Co-ops scholarship for $1,500 was William Byrd from Roseburg, Ore.

Grange Co-op and its members also had the pleasure of donating $10,000 to the Oregon FFA, which was presented during the annual meeting. Receiving the check on behalf of Oregon FFA was Southern District FFA President Trevor Morgan and Oregon FFA Executive Director Kevin White.

Wednesdays

An Oregon rancher unlawfully trespassed on public land by grazing cattle without government authorization in the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest, according to a federal judge.

Chief U.S. District Judge Michael Mosman has ruled in favor of the U.S. government in a lawsuit accusing Tyler Smith of Wallowa County of repeatedly trespassing in the national forest.

The ruling upholds the earlier findings and recommendations of U.S. Magistrate Judge Patricia Sullivan, who rejected several of Smith’s arguments against the government’s trespass claims.

The case will now to proceed to trial to determine whether Smith should be subject to an injunction and required to compensate the federal government for damages.

In its complaint, the U.S. sought to prohibit Smith from using these and other public lands without permission and to recover the cost of restoring the government’s property in an unspecified amount.

Forest Service officials saw cattle with Smith’s “lazy 7p” brand grazing on allotments in the forest multiple times without authorization, even after Smith received warnings from the government, according to the U.S.

The rancher has shown no evidence the grazing was accidental or that cattle escaped onto federal land, while the “government’s undisputed evidence gives rise to an inference of intentional grazing,” Sullivan said.

Smith offered several reasons his cattle were allowed to graze on federal land, but the judge said “none of these legal theories has any legal validity” or factual support, according to the ruling.

The rancher claimed that a “quitclaim deed” from his grandfather allowed for cattle grazing in the area, but Sullivan said the deed didn’t encompass a grazing permit that had been revoked years earlier due to violations.

The judge also rejected Smith’s argument that under a “split estate,” he owned grazing rights to the land while the government owned the timber and mineral rights.

“The Court is unaware of any doctrine of property law whereby ownership of land is divided into split estates in the way defendant alleges, and has not been presented with any legal authority for such a theory,” Sullivan said.

Although the rancher disputed the authenticity of photographs showing his cattle grazing on public land, these pictures were “supplemental illustration” to the testimony of Forest Service officials, which provided sufficient evidence in the case, the judge said.

NEWPORT - The Oregon Coast Council for the Arts welcomes the exhibition, “Stories in Color,” from May 4 to June 30 in the Coastal Oregon Visual Artist Showcase at the Newport Visual Arts Center. The exhibition will include mixed media…

LANGLOIS — The Langlois Lions Club will be holding the annual Mary Hildebrand Memorial Plant Sale from 9 a.m.-3 p.m. Saturday, May 19, at the Lions Clubhouse, 48136 Floras Lake Loop.

LANGLOIS - The Langlois Lions Club will be holding the annual Mary Hildebrand Memorial Plant Sale from 9 a.m.-3 p.m. Saturday, May 19, at the Lions Clubhouse, 48136 Floras Lake Loop.

LOS ANGELES (AP) — Get ready for a little bit more pain at the pump this summer.

Crude oil prices are at the highest level in more than three years and expected to climb higher, pushing up gasoline prices along the way.

The U.S. daily national average for regular gasoline is now $2.81 per gallon. That’s up from about $2.39 per gallon a year ago, according to Oil Price Information Service. And across the U.S., 13 percent of gas stations are charging $3 per gallon or more, AAA said last week.

“This will be the most expensive driving season since 2014,” said Tom Kloza, global head of energy analysis for Oil Price Information Service.

The price of U.S. crude oil has been on a mostly steady incline since last June and last week hit $68.64, the highest since December 2014. Benchmark U.S. crude closed Friday at $68.10. Oil prices near $70 shouldn’t put the brakes on economic growth, however. While they’re boosting costs for some sectors of the economy, the energy sector and related industries have more money to spend on equipment and workers.

But higher oil prices are certainly an inconvenience for drivers, especially those with lower incomes.

“The good news is, both at the global level and the U.S. level, this is occurring at a time when growth is fairly robust,” said Nariman Behravesh, chief economist at IHS Markit. “But consumers as whole will be hurt, mostly because gasoline prices are going up.”

Kevin Lanke, a motion picture lighting technician in Redondo Beach, California, says he’s now paying about $3.39 per gallon to fill up the 25-gallon tank in his 2000 Land Cruiser SUV. That’s about 20 cents more per gallon than a couple of months ago.

“I would fill up my car and it would be $52 or $53,” said Lanke, 51. “Now it’s in the mid $60s for the same amount of gas.”

Lanke keeps the recent increase in perspective, noting that three years ago he and his fellow Californians were paying over $4 per gallon. But he’s already weighing his options, saying if gas goes to $4 a gallon he’ll buy a more fuel-efficient car to use as his main ride and drive the Land Cruiser only when he needs it.

Several factors have helped drive oil prices higher. A wave of global economic growth has driven up demand for oil. At the same time, production cutbacks initiated by OPEC last year have helped whittle down oil supplies.

In the U.S., oil supplies were running 1.1 million barrels lower at the start of this summer’s driving season, which runs from April through September, than a year ago, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration.

That has amplified the typical increase in gas prices seen this time of year. Pump prices normally rise as demand increases from families going on vacation and taking to the highways on road trips. Already, U.S. consumer demand for gasoline hit a record high for the month of April, according to the EIA.

Drivers in Western states such as California, Oregon, Washington, as well as Alaska, Hawaii, Connecticut and Pennsylvania, are paying the most at the pump. The average retail price in those states is running from $2.95 to $3.61 per gallon.

Average retail gasoline prices are lowest in a swath of mostly East Coast states, including Florida, New Hampshire, Delaware and Georgia. They’re ranging from $2.68 to $2.80 per gallon.

Still, prices remain well off from 2008, when crude oil prices jumped above $130 per barrel and average retail gas prices surged to an all-time high of $4.11 per gallon.

“People forget very, very quickly,” Kloza said, noting that the average U.S. gasoline price remains well below where they stood five years ago at $3.60 per gallon.

“We’re seeing a higher price environment... but I don’t think we’re going to look at really apocalyptic numbers,” he said.

The EIA projects that the U.S. retail price for regular gasoline will average $2.74 per gallon this summer, up from an average of $2.41 per gallon a year earlier. Gas prices to rise each spring through Memorial Day and slowly decline as the summer goes along.

For all of 2018, the agency expects that the national retail price for all grades of gasoline will average $2.76 a gallon. That would translate into an additional $190 spent on fuel by the average U.S. household this year compared to last, the agency said.

“At the higher income levels, this won’t really have much of an effect,” said Behravesh. “But it’s a bigger deal for lower-income families, because a bigger share of their budgets goes to things like gasoline.”

In broader economic terms, the rise in oil and gasoline prices will help crude producers in states like Texas and North Dakota and will likely boost capital spending industrywide. Spending by oil companies fell sharply as oil plunged below $30 a barrel in 2016, dragging on U.S. economic growth.

Industries that rely heavily on fuel, such as shipping companies, airlines, vehicle fleet operators and other transportation companies, are seeing rising costs, which eventually will be passed on to consumers. Diesel fuel hit its highest national average price in more than three years over the weekend at about $3.06 per gallon. American Airlines said it spent $412 million more on fuel in the recent first quarter than in the year-ago period.

At current levels, U.S. crude oil prices won’t noticeably hamper the economy, said Behravesh.

“You would have to get up into the $90-$100 range for it to really have a big impact on growth,” he said. “At these levels, it may shave off a tenth of a percentage point off global growth.”

One reason oil likely won’t get to that level is the emergence of the U.S. as a major global oil producer. Higher prices encourage U.S. oil companies to crank up output.

“That rise in U.S. production and further rises in U.S. production will put a cap or a damper eventually on higher oil prices,” Behravesh said.

SALEM — Oliver Menle is barely a year old and has already hugged a llama. His mother, Alyssa Menle, said the Oregon Ag Fest April 28-29 at the Oregon State Fairgrounds was an eye-opening experience for the whole family.

“I grew up in the city; this is a new experience for me, too,” Menle said. “Oliver enjoys the animals best, and big brother and Daddy are all about plants and rocks and seeds, so that was their highlight.”

Six-year-old Alyson Drawbaugh never sees calves or pigs or ponies — usually just cats and dogs in her Salem neighborhood. She liked the pony rides best, with being licked by a calf a close second.

“It’s fun to be able to get out of the house and come here where we can see a lot of the farm animals up close,” Alyson’s mother, Melissa Walton, said. “I was joking with her that the black-and-white cows are where the swirl ice cream comes from.”

Ag Fest Executive Director Michele Ruby said the event brings all sectors of agriculture together to make learning about it fun.

“I think one reason our event is so successful is that we stay very focused on our mission, which is to help Oregonians better understand where their food and flora and fiber comes from,” Ruby said.

The festival has dozens of sponsors and more than 800 volunteers that include farmers and ranchers, ag students and 4-H members.

“Oregon is lucky because we have an abundance of farmers and other volunteers that really want to tell their story and engage, and we want to tap into that,” Ruby said. “It’s a grassroots event so it’s easy to love being a part of Ag Fest.”

An estimated 22,000 people attended the two-day event, which boasts 55-plus varieties of farm animals and more than 25 hands-on activities for kids. They can plant seedlings, dig potatoes, grind their own wheat for pancakes and watch chicks hatch.

“Our focus is certainly young families, but we try to have a little something for everyone,” Ruby said.

The antique tractors were a huge hit with 2½-year-old Sender Romine of Newberg.

“I grew up in a suburb of L.A., so this is a foreign world to me,” Sender’s mother, Tiana Romine, said. “I want my children to have a closer relationship with farming and agriculture. I would like that for them because I think it’s important.

“I think it has a long-running effect, even if they don’t remember all the specifics, maybe in what they choose to do for a career or just their kindness and respect for animals and farmers alike,” Romine said. “We watched the sheep shearing and my son was just riveted.”

Four-year-old Westley Johnson smiled through his entire pony ride. With Daddy out of town, mom Karli Johnson needed a break and the Ag Fest on a sunny afternoon seemed like just the thing.

“I needed a break, too,” Westley said.

Klamath Project irrigators got a much-needed break Thursday with the release of 100 cubic feet per second of water from Upper Klamath Lake to begin charging canals for the upcoming irrigation season.

PacifiCorp, which operates a system of hydroelectric dams on the Klamath River, agreed to transfer 10,500 acre-feet of water to the Bureau of Reclamation to help jump-start the project heading into a drought year.

Farmers and ranchers are still waiting on a federal judge in San Francisco to issue a ruling that will determine when they can start irrigating, and how much water they will have available. A 2017 court injunction requires the bureau to hold 50,000 acre-feet of stored water in Upper Klamath Lake through early June to flush away C. shasta, a deadly parasite that infects threatened coho salmon.

Based on current projections, it is not possible to satisfy the injunction while also maintaining minimum lake levels for endangered sucker fish and deliver irrigation water to farms, according to the bureau. The Klamath Water Users Association and local irrigation districts have asked Judge William Orrick to stay the injunction, which would provide clarity for irrigators moving forward.

The judge held a hearing April 11, later indicating he was “inclined” to modify the injunction. Additional briefings were due Thursday.

Scott White, executive director of the Klamath Water Users Association, said he is hopeful for a ruling possibly as early as this week. Until then, he said charging the canals will ensure they are ready to deliver irrigation water as soon as they receive an allocation.

“We’re not out of the woods, but we’re starting to see some daylight,” White said.

PacifiCorp agreed to a temporary water transfer from reservoirs that support the Klamath Hydroelectric Project. Jeff Nettleton, area manager for the Bureau of Reclamation, said the proposal satisfies all court requirements as well as target flows downstream of Iron Gate dam in California.

Reclamation intends to return water to the hydroelectric reservoirs between July 1 and Sept. 30, Nettleton said.

Tim Hemstreet, director of renewable energy development for PacifiCorp, said the utility understands the difficult circumstances basin farmers face this year.

“PacifiCorp recognizes that the 2018 water year is extremely challenging in the Klamath Basin and is happy to make adjustments to how we operate our hydroelectric project to help balance the many competing demands for water,” Hemstreet said.

White said farmers should have an easier time conveying groundwater from wells to their fields with the canals charged. The development comes not a moment too soon for garlic and row crops, which are feeling the effects of warmer and drier weather.

Ross Fleming, a fifth-generation farmer in the Henley area south of Klamath Falls, said he has 50 acres of garlic planted this year compared to 28 acres a year ago.

“It needs water. It’s kind of a shallow rooted crop,” Fleming said. “If you don’t have water on it now, you’re going backwards.”

Fleming, who also grows potatoes, alfalfa and small grains, said charging the canals will help immensely getting water where it is needed on the farm.

“I’m just tired of the uncertainty,” he said. “You just can’t run a farmer here without water.”

The USDA took a second whack Friday at reducing the cranberries piling up in cold storage and chilling grower returns.

The agency proposed a 25 percent reduction in the 2018 crop to help bring the supply of cranberries closer to demand. The proposal follows a USDA order, finalized in early April, to divert 15 percent of the 2017 crop from the U.S. market.

In both cases, the USDA is acting at the request of the industry’s Cranberry Marketing Committee. The committee, made up of farmers and handlers, reports that a growing surplus has driven prices below the cost of production for some growers.

The order will apply to some 1,100 growers and 65 handlers in 10 states, including Oregon and Washington.

“We’re just fighting with more fruit than is usable,” Washington cranberry farmer Malcolm McPhail said. “I think you just face the facts and do something about it.”

The cranberry supply has grown over the past half dozen years as U.S. farmers produced record crops and growers in other countries increased production, particularly in Canada. Meanwhile, consumption has been flat and is not influenced by lower consumer prices, according to USDA.

The marketing committee estimated last summer that after the 2017 crop was harvested, the surplus would reach 10.9 million barrels, or 115 percent of annual sales. A barrel equals 100 pounds.

USDA volume controls will not eliminate the surplus. The USDA estimated that diverting 15 percent of the 2017 harvest will reduce inventories by 1.1 million barrels. A 25 percent reduction in the 2018 crop would remove another 2 million barrels, according to the USDA.

Ocean Spray, a farmers’ cooperative that handles a majority of the cranberries grown in the U.S., supports the USDA proposal, a spokeswoman said.

Much of the surplus is juice concentrate, a byproduct of making sweetened dried cranberries. Handlers would be able to meet a portion of their withholding obligation by disposing of juice concentrate rather than whole fruit.

Grower allotments would be based on 75 percent of sales history. Organic cranberries, a small part of the market, would be exempt from volume controls. Also, handlers who take in fewer than 125,000 barrels would be exempt, as would handlers who have no carryover fruit and aren’t contributing to the surplus.

Cranberry farmers received an average of $23.50 per barrel in 2016, while the average cost of production was $30 a barrel, according to the marketing committee. The surplus grew from 4.6 million barrels in 2011 to 9.9 million in 2016.

The USDA will take comments on the proposal until May 29. Comments may be submitted online at regulations.gov.

In the national tug-of-war over public employee unions, Debora Nearman presents an interesting case.

The Independence, Oregon, woman is an employee of the state Department of Fish and Wildlife, and so is represented by the Service Employees International Union Local 503, which negotiates the contract that dictates how much Nearman is paid.

But she’s also the wife of a state legislator, Republican Rep. Mike Nearman, who’s become an enemy of labor. Unions so oppose Mike Nearman’s stances that SEIU 503 chipped in more than $50,000 in an unsuccessful attempt to defeat him at the ballot box in 2016.

That upset Debora Nearman. Now, she’s suing her union, her employer and other state officials.    

In a federal lawsuit filed Wednesday, Nearman argues she’s unconstitutionally being forced to help bankroll SEIU efforts like the campaign against her husband. She’s asking a federal judge to rule against laws that allow money to be automatically diverted from her paycheck to pay for union services.    

The suit names SEIU Local 503, the director of ODFW and the director of the Oregon Department of Administrative Services as defendants.

The lawsuit, filed on Nearman’s behalf by the Virginia-based National Right to Work Legal Defense Foundation (NRTW), is part of a national effort that could wind up destabilizing public-employee unions around the country.  

In Oregon and more than 20 other states, public employees who don’t want to join a union are still required to pay dues to fund collective bargaining that’s carried out on their behalf. They’re not required to pay for a union’s political advocacy efforts, however.

Nearman, a conservative Catholic who disagrees with the SEIU’s political stances, says she shouldn’t be required to pay anything.  

“There is no justification, much less a compelling one, for mandating that nonmembers support SEIU, which, upon information and belief, is one of the largest, most powerful and politically-active organizations in Oregon,” the lawsuit filed Wednesday states.

Nearman believes her money is being improperly used to advocate for ballot measures and campaigns.

The suit asks a judge to deem forced union payments unconstitutional, to stop the state from collecting union money from her check, and to pay her back money that she’s had to pay — a little less than $1,000 in 2016, according to filings.

In essence, Nearman’s arguing that Oregon should be a “right-to-work” state, in which employees who aren’t interested in being union members aren’t forces to pay union dues. The National Right to Work Legal Defense Foundation, the group funding Nearman’s case, is pushing similar suits in five other states.

One of those, Janus v. AFSCME, is currently before the U.S. Supreme Court, and could have a sizable effect on unions nationwide. Earlier this year, Nearman filed a brief in that case, making many of the same arguments included in her lawsuit.

Patrick Semmens, a spokesman for NRTW, says Nearman’s lawsuit could speed up change in Oregon if the Supreme Court agrees that compelled payments to unions violate the First Amendment.  

“It would be a way to more quickly have those rights be enforced,” Semmens said.

State officials didn’t immediately return requests for comment about the suit. The SEIU issued a statement, saying it was part of an effort to “undermine worker rights and public services.”

“We have not been served and of course can’t comment on the lawsuit, but we can say that there is an effort in several states to use lawsuits like this one to make it more difficult for unions to represent and protect workers,” said SEIU Local 503 executive director Melissa Unger.

Nearman’s husband, Mike, first won office in 2014, representing a House district outside of Salem that includes Dallas and Independence. In the time since, he’s gotten a reputation as one of the state’s more conservative legislators and a vocal opponent of union initiatives — like 2016’s failed Measure 97, which would have taxed corporations.

According to Debora Nearman’s lawsuit, the SEIU chipped in $53,260 to a political committee called “The Real Mike Nearman Committee” in 2016. The committee “aggressively campaigned against Plaintiff’s husband and distributed fliers that disparaged him.”

SALT LAKE CITY (AP) — A Utah militia group leader pleaded guilty Thursday to trying to blow up a federally owned cabin in Arizona in what prosecutors call a case of domestic terrorism.

William Keebler, 59, was angry about federal management of public lands and wanted to retaliate against the government, federal prosecutors said. He came under investigation after joining Nevada rancher Cliven Bundy’s armed 2014 standoff over grazing fees amid hot debate over federal control of public land in the West.

“We hope this prosecution would be an object lesson for any would-be terrorist who would attempt to use violence, either in the domestic or international context,” said Andrew Choate, assistant U.S. Attorney for Utah.

Keebler could face up to five years and 10 months in prison at a sentencing set for July.

Keebler led a small group of about seven people called the Patriots Defense Force in the desert about 40 miles west of Salt Lake City. Three of his followers were FBI agents who started investigating him after the Bundy standoff, according to testimony in the case.

Keebler’s friends have said he was set up by the agents who gave him the inert device he tried to detonate near Mt. Trumbull in June 2016. He took pains to make sure that no one was around when the device went off, defense attorneys said.

Prosecutors, though, say the violence would have escalated if he hadn’t been arrested. Keebler also cased mosques and military facilities before settling on the remote Bureau of Land Management cabin and was willing to shoot anyone who tried to catch him after he thought he detonated the explosive device, authorities said.

The cabin is used to house seasonal workers. A group of college students had been staying there shortly before the attempted explosion, Choate said. They were cleared out after the undercover agents sent word about Keebler’s plans, he said.

Keebler pleaded guilty to a felony charge of attempted destruction of federal property. A gun charge was dropped as part of a plea agreement shortly before he was set for trial.

A controversial Oregon dairy filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection Thursday night, blocking an auction Friday to sell off its 14,500 cattle herd in Boardman, Ore.

The liquidation of Lost Valley Farm’s 10,500 cows and 4,000 replacement heifers was ordered in Oregon state court at the behest of Rabobank, a major farm lender seeking repayment for $60 million in defaulted loans.

However, the bankruptcy petition filed by Greg te Velde, the dairy’s owner, in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of California automatically stays all foreclosure actions by creditors, including the auction scheduled for April 27 at 11 a.m.

Under Chapter 11 bankruptcy, companies typically develop reorganization plans to restructure their debt. Te Velde declined to comment on the bankruptcy case.

Aside from Lost Valley Farm in Oregon, te Velde’s bankruptcy also encompasses his California dairy operations, Pacific Rim Dairy in Corcoran and GJ te Velde Dairy in Tipton.

Together, the dairies have more than 40,000 cattle that are listed as potential “hazard property” that poses a safety threat or requires immediate attention.

Te Velde’s companies owe between $100 million and $500 million to fewer than 1,000 creditors and have between $100 million and $500 million in assets, according to the bankruptcy petition.

A more complete accounting of his financial affairs is due in bankruptcy court by May 10.

Overland Stockyard, a dairy livestock auction in Hanford, Calif., is listed as te Velde’s largest unsecured creditor with a claim of $3 million, followed by Conway Hay Sales of Goshen, Calif., with a $2.9 million claim and Valmont Northwest, an irrigation equipment dealer in Pasco, Wash., with a $2.3 million claim.

Joe VanLeuven, an attorney representing Rabobank, said he is still evaluating the bankruptcy effect on Rabobank’s state court action and the financial receivership for Lost Valley Farm.

A receiver was appointed to oversee the Oregon dairy’s finances and protect Rabobank’s collateral at the same time that an Oregon judge ordered the company to cooperate with the planned auction earlier this month.

VanLeuven said he would not comment on Rabobank’s disposition toward a reorganization plan for Te Velde’s companies. It is unclear what the immediate effects of the bankruptcy will be, thought the immediate impact is the automatic stay, he said.

“The upshot is our auction is not happening today,” VanLeuven said.

Riley Walter, te Velde’s bankruptcy lawyer based in Fresno, Calif., did not immediately return a message for comment.

The auctioneer, Toppenish Livestock, sent several staff members on the hundred-mile trip to Boardman to inform bidders of the latest development. Owner John Top said the company spent three weeks preparing for the auction.

“It’s the height of inconvenience,” Top said.

Aside from its financial troubles, Lost Valley Farm has repeatedly run into regulatory problems in 2018.

Unauthorized discharge of manure and other violations of its confined animal feeding operation, or CAFO, permit prompted the Oregon Department of Agriculture to fine the dairy more than $10,000.

Continued wastewater issues were cited in a lawsuit filed by ODA seeking to stop all discharges from the dairy, which would effectively shut it down. That case was settled, allowing Lost Valley Farm to continue operating under certain conditions.

A spokeswoman for ODA said regulators continue to conduct weekly inspections at the dairy. Since the March 16 court settlement, they have observed several more violations — including manure spills — at Lost Valley Farm, which were self-reported but still constitute a CAFO permit violation.

Compliance work is ongoing, the spokeswoman said, adding that no surface water or groundwater sites have been contaminated. When asked about how they are working to comply with the permit, te Velde said, “All I can tell you is we’re doing the best we can there.”

Oregon’s CAFO program permits, on average, 509 facilities and conducted 880 inspections across the state last year. All dairies, regardless of size, are visited approximately every 10 months, and less than 1 percent of inspections resulted in violations that led to civil penalties.

A nonprofit land trust based in Walla Walla, Wash., plans to buy a conservation easement to protect three miles of steelhead spawning habitat at a ranch near the Painted Hills in north-central Oregon.

Blue Mountain Land Trust recently received a $1.42 grant from the Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board to purchase the easement at Canyon Creek Ranch, on Bear Creek in the John Day Basin.

Jason Bulay, conservation director for the land trust, said the easement will ensure Canyon Creek Ranch stays in agricultural production, while also protecting fish, wildlife, upland sage and grassland habitat.

“We all benefit, I think, from having healthy populations of fish and wildlife,” Bulay said. “Some of these are very important species, from a cultural and economic standpoint.”

In particular, Bulay said they intend to preserve healthy riparian habitat for Mid-Columbia steelhead, which are listed as a threatened species. The easement includes 3.1 miles of steelhead habitat in Bear Creek, adjacent to the Painted Hills Unit in the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument.

Historically, Canyon Creek Ranch was owned by a land and cattle company which, according to the project application, caused extensive degradation by overgrazing the uplands and allowing cattle unrestricted access to riparian areas.

The current landowners, Terrance and Peggy Long, purchased the ranch in 2000. Since then, they have worked with multiple partners, including OWEB, the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Wheeler Soil and Water Conservation District and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs to restore the property.

Together, they have cut juniper on more than 665 acres and converted open irrigation ditches to pipes. Last year, the Wheeler SWCD installed 21 artificial beaver dam structures along the creek to increase surface flows in streams that otherwise dry up during the summer. The tribes have also committed an additional $500,000 for riparian zone restoration through 2020.

Bulay said the land trust was excited to work with such committed landowners.

“We like it when we can work with a landowner who shares our goals, and permanently protect that land,” he said.

In the past, Blue Mountain Land Trust served four counties in southeast Washington, along with Umatilla and Union counties in northeast Oregon. The organization opened a new John Day region office in July 2017, expanding into Grant, Gilliam, Wheeler and Morrow counties.

“It’s a lot of the same resource concerns that we’ve been dealing with here in the Walla Walla area, as far as the salmon and steelhead spawning streams and the wildlife habitat and the working lands,” Bulay said. “We thought there were a lot of great potential land projects in the area, and landowners to work with.”

Bulay said the land trust also received $800,000 in funding from OWEB to purchase an easement at the 9,000-acre Bennett Ranch in Baker County to protect sage grouse habitat.

The Canyon Creek Ranch easement is just one of 21 projects funded by OWEB in the Mid-Columbia region, totaling $3.1 million. John Keith, executive director of the Oregon Association of Conservation Districts, applauded the grants, saying they will help to maintain the Oregon way of life for generations to come.

“Oregon is unique for many reasons, and one is the commitment Oregonians have made to conserve what’s left,” Keith said.

Other projects funded by OWEB include:

• $190,176 to the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation for restoring the floodplain at Desolation Creek south of Ukiah, Ore.

• $150,000 to the Morrow Soil and Water Conservation District to restore 240 acres of wetlands along the Columbia River between Umatilla and Irrigon.

• $103,687 to the North Fork John Day Watershed Council for restoration work on Granite Creek, reducing sediment and lowering water temperature flowing in to the Middle Fork John Day River.

The USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service has recognized two soil and water conservation districts in Oregon for outstanding work implementing conservation programs on private farms and forestland in 2017.

The Yamhill SWCD, based in McMinnville, Ore., and Illinois Valley SWCD, based in Cave Junction, Ore., received district partnership awards from the NRCS during the 2018 CONNECT Conference April 18, hosted by the Oregon Conservation Education and Assistance Network.

Cindy Thieman, watershed coordinator for the Hood River SWCD, also received the District Employee Partnership Award at the conference held in Seaside, Ore.

Yamhill SWCD successfully implemented one of the first Regional Conservation Partnership Programs in the state focused on oak restoration, while also entering into an agreement with NRCS to address a backlog of cultural resource determinations, lessening project delays.

Illinois Valley SWCD continues to work on projects through the Emergency Watershed Protection Program in Josephine County, sponsoring $270,000 in construction repairs at two sites to protect infrastructure, private property and habitat from further damage.

Thieman, meanwhile, secured funding for a Regional Conservation Partnership Program within the East Fork Irrigation District, and was lauded by NRCS for her ability to build and maintain relationships with with agencies, landowners and other partners.

For more information about NRCS Oregon and conservation programs, visit www.or.nrcs.usda.gov.

Oregon State University researchers found stripe rust on the wheat variety Mary that was planted in late September at the Columbia Basin Agricultural Research Center station, near Pendleton on the state’s east side.

Mary, a type of soft white winter wheat, is moderately to very susceptible to the fungus-caused rust characterized by yellowish stripes along leaf blades.

“Last year, we had a pretty severe stripe rust epidemic, and it was early,” Christina Hagerty, OSU professor of cereal pathology, said in an interview. The disease’s repeating cycle makes early occurrences most dangerous, she said.

This year’s late arrival of stripe rust is good for farmers because the disease has less time in the growing season to establish itself and start reducing yields, she said.

“That said, stripe rust is notoriously unpredictable,” Hagerty said. “So although we have had late arrival this season, producers still should be scouting fields, particularly susceptible varieties, so timely fungicide application can be made.”

A good time to apply fungicide is at the onset of stripe rust’s repeating cycle, which could be from late winter up to wheat’s flag-leaf stage, she said.

“You don’t want to chase, or try to catch up with, stripe rust,” Hagerty said.

OSU research trials are studying stripe-rust-suited fungicides for effectiveness and economic returns, she said.

The university said in a release that it recommends a single-mode-of-action triazole, a synthesis-inhibiting fungicide, for drier production zones if active stripe rust is observed on a susceptible variety. That’s mainly due to the late arrival this season of the rust, and a predicted normal epidemic. More expensive, multi-mode fungicides would likely only be economically justified on highly susceptible varieties in higher-rainfall, higher-yielding zones if rust is present.

Application timing is generally more important than the product used, and fungicide application is not recommended for resistant varieties, OSU said.

The university is sticking to its previous forecast for a normal epidemic level for eastern Oregon and much of Washington: 12 percent on checks of moderately susceptible to susceptible varieties and 18 percent on more susceptible varieties.

Mary wheat is known for good cold tolerance, strong yield performance and a tendency to perform well in dry years.

SPOKANE — The U.S. and Canada are slated to enter negotiations on the Columbia River Treaty later this year.

Jill Smail, chief negotiator for the U.S., provided an update April 25 on the process during a town hall in Spokane.

Smail hopes to set a firm date to begin negotiations soon.

“I am confident that as we lay out our respective positions and turn them into a shared vision ... we can find common ground,” she said.

Certain provisions of the treaty, adopted in 1964 for cooperative development and operation of water resources in the Columbia River Basin, are set to expire in 2024. Negotiations will center on modernizing the treaty to benefit the U.S. and Canada.

U.S. objectives in treaty negotiations include continued flood-risk management, ensuring a reliable and economic power supply and better addressing the ecosystem, she said.

“We understand the importance and economic contribution to the region of maintaining navigation, recreation, irrigation and municipal and industrial uses of the river,” Smail said.

Discussions with Canada will focus on water flowing across the border and treaty storage in Canadian projects, Smail said.

“We will seek to maximize shared benefits through the coordination of operations, and we will seek to ensure that those benefits are shared equitably,” she said.

Smail and the negotiation team took comments and questions from the audience. Roughly 200 people attended the meeting.

Comments reflected the interests of farmers, irrigators, river boat pilots, environmentalists, cities, utility districts, wildlife supporters and Native American tribes. Several in the audience questioned the lack of a representative for tribes on the negotiating team. Smail said negotiators are consulting with tribes.

“I personally am very impressed with the diversity of views, the sophistication of the comments and questions and the passion with which you speak about the Pacific Northwest,” Smail said.

Negotiators will hold similar meetings in different cities quarterly, including via webinar, Smail said.